Skilled barber-surgeons might even try something called trepanning to treat seizures and mental illnesses.

熟练的理发外科医生甚至可以尝试种叫做“头部穿孔”的方法来疗癫痫和疾病。

Prehistoric Trepanning Archaeologists have unearthed thousands of skulls with a small hole drilled or sawn into them, a practice called trepanning dating from around 8000 BCE.

史前时期的钻孔术 考古学家挖掘出了数千头骨， 上面钻有或锯有孔，这种被称为钻孔术的做法可溯到约公元前8000年。

Such spiritual healers may well have developed practical healing skills too, as archaeologists have found ample evidence not only of the use of medicinal plants, but also of surgical procedures such as trepanning and attempts to reset broken bones.

这些疗师很可能也发展出了实际的医疗技能，因为考古学家不仅发现了使用药用植物的大量证据，还发现了诸如环锯术和尝试复位断骨等外科手术的证据。

One of the earliest examples, a 7,000-year-old skull of a man unearthed at Ensisheim in France in the 1990s, had been trepanned twice.

其中最早的例子之是20世纪90年代在法国恩西赛姆出土的具7000年前的男性头骨，该头骨曾被两次进行环锯手术。

Here and elsewhere, new bone growth shows that trepanned patients often survive for some years.

在此及其他地方，新骨的生长表明，接受环锯术的患者通常能存活数年。

Human skulls found in Europe have holes chipped or drilled into them, a practice called trepanning, possibly to treat pain or let out evil spirits.

在欧洲发现的古人颅骨上存在被凿或钻出的孔洞，这做法称为环锯术， 可能用于缓解疼痛或驱除邪灵。

A skull unearthed at Taforalt, a cave in Morocco, bears evidence of trepanning, drilling into the skull, possibly to cure a mental disorder.

在摩洛哥塔福阿尔特洞穴出土的具头骨上，发现了环锯术的痕迹， 即在头骨上钻孔，可能是为了疗障碍。

Probably performed by community healers, trepanning was possibly a ritual to drive out evil spirits.

可能是由社区疗愈者执行的，钻孔术可能是种驱除邪灵的仪式。