Ecologists call this row of biological dominoes a trophic cascade.

生把这一系列生物多米诺骨牌效应称为营养联。

When you begin to remove the head of a food chain, it creates something called a trophic cascade, basically a trickle-down effect that can disrupt an entire ecosystem.

当我们开始移除食物链的顶，这会引起一种叫作营养瀑布的现象，基本上它会一点一滴地逐步瓦解整个生系。

The impact of a predator down through the food web all the way to plants is called a trophic cascade.

捕食者沿食物链往下一路直达植物的影响被称为“营养联”。

From the producers, the second trophic level is the herbivores, the organisms that eat the plants.

生产者来看，第二个营养次是食草动物，即以植物为食的生物。

The organisms in a food chain are classified into their trophic level depending on their feeding behavior.

食物链中的生物根据它们的摄食行为被划分为不同的营养等。

The third trophic level is secondary consumers which is the example of fox.

第三个营养等是次消费者，以狐狸为例。

So to summarise, trophic levels are the number of steps in an organisms is within a food chain.

总而言之，营养是一个生物体在食物链中的。

The bars each represent trophic levels, and their order represents the flow of energy.

每个条形代表营养水平，它们的顺序代表能量的流动。

The width of the bar in the number pyramids represents the number of organisms in that trophic level.

字金字塔中条形的宽度代表该营养中生物的量。

The number of steps an organism is from the start of the food chain is a measure of its trophic level.

一个生物体食物链开始的步骤是衡量其营养水平的标准。

Scientists call this type of carefully balanced relationship between different species a trophic cascade.

科将这种不同物种间精心维持的平衡关系称为“营养联”。

We've restored the trophic interactions that we want to see in a rain forest.

我们已经恢复了我们希望在雨林中看到的营养相互作用。

They fit right in, in the trophic cascade.

它们完美地融入了营养联中。

Another is that there's generally more food easily available at lower trophic levels.

另一个原因是较低营养通常更容易获得更多的食物。

Exercise increases brain trophic factors which are necessary for cognition.

锻炼能提升大脑营养因子，这对认知功能至关重要。

We are in show business quips Mr. Jimenez Scientifically it rests on the theory of trophic cascades This holds that ecosystems are shaped by apex consumers large herbivores and carnivores atop food chains.

我们在娱乐业，吉梅内斯先生开玩笑说，科角度来看，这基于营养联效应的理论。该理论认为生系统是由顶消费者，即食物链顶端的大型食草动物和食肉动物塑造的。

And sometimes this is, let's imagine for example, you know, trophic niche, and we say that some animals are herbivores and other carnivores.

有时，我们可以想象一下，比如，生位，我们说有些动物是食草动物， 而另一些是食肉动物。

So if we go to the next level, the next level, trophic level 2, these are going to be consumers.

因此，如果我们进入下一个次，即营养2，这些将是消费者。

Like many of their kin, these insects are parasitoids, a trophic status halfway between being parasites and predators.

像它们的许多近亲一样， 这些昆虫是寄生性天敌，处于寄生和捕食之间的营养地位。

The trophic cascade fell out of balance.

食物链联效应失衡了。