The urine passes down through the ureters and into the bladder.

液顺着管流下进入膀胱。

We also talked about the anatomy of storing and excreting urine — from the ureters to the urethra — and we went over the nervous system's role in controlling the act of urination.

我们还讨论了储存和排泄液的解剖学——从管到道——我们还讨论了神经系统在控制排行的作用。

The kidneys make urine from a mix of water and the body's waste products, funneling the unwanted fluid into two muscular tubes called ureters.

形成于肾脏里的液由身体里的水分和终末产物合成，废液流到两个被称管的肌管。

In grade IV, the ureter is so swollen that it begins to get curvy and the renal pelvis and calyces—the urine collection ducts—become moderately swollen and distorted.

管过于肿胀，甚开始产卷曲，肾盂、肾盏和集合管发肿胀和扭曲。

He also connects the ureter-the tube that connects the kidney to the bladder-from the pig organ to the human ureter.

他还将猪的管(连接肾脏与膀胱的管道)与人的管连接起来。

Alright, as a quick recap, vesicoureteral reflux is a condition where pressure in the urinary outflow tract increases and urine gets pushed back up into the ureters or kidneys.

得！快速复习一下：膀胱管反流是指一种由路压力增高导致液在压力作用下逆流管或肾的疾病。

Contrary to what you might think, your ureters aren't just passive tubes, and your pee doesn't wind up in your bladder because of gravity alone.

与你可能认的相反，你的管不仅仅是被动管，你的小便不会仅仅因重力而进入膀胱。

From there, it goes down the ureter which has a muscular lining which helps to push urine along.

从肾盂起，液经管（细长肌性管道，可推动液前进）流下。

The ureters insert into the bladder at the ureterovesical junction at a sideways angle so that when the bladder becomes full, it compresses the openings to the ureters preventing the backflow of urine.

管在管-膀胱交界处倾斜插入膀胱；这样一来，当膀胱充盈时，管开口受压，从而阻止液反流。

Once the urine leaves the kidneys, it enters the ureters, a pair of slender tubes that drop down to the posterior urinary bladder.

液一旦离开肾脏，就进入管，管是一对细长的管子，一直延伸到后膀胱。

Ultimately the filtrate is turned into urine and is excreted from the kidney through the ureter, into the bladder, and peed away.

最终滤液变成液，通过管从肾脏排出，进入膀胱，再出。

As urine flows from the kidney, through the ureters and into the bladder, the bladder starts to expand into the abdomen.

当液从肾经过管进入膀胱时，膀胱开始扩张而压迫腹腔。

Rather, like the small intestines, each ureter features a layer of smooth muscle that contracts to move urine using peristalsis.

相反，就像小肠一样，每个管都有一层平滑肌，该平滑肌通过蠕动收缩以移动液。

Urine collects in the renal pelvis and then heads out of the kidney through the ureter.

液在肾盂聚集，然后通过管排出肾脏。

This is the entry and exit point for the ureter, renal artery and renal vein, lymphatics, and nerves go into and come out of the kidney.

肾门是管、肾动脉、肾静脉、淋巴管，以及肾传入传出神经的进出之处。

And finally, the innermost layer is the renal pelvis, a funnel-shaped tube surrounded by smooth muscle that uses peristalsis to move urine out of the kidney, into the ureter, and into the bladder.

最后，最内层是肾盂，一个被平滑肌包围的漏斗状管，利用蠕动将液从肾脏移出，进入管，进入膀胱。

In vesicoureteral reflux, there is some obstruction in that path which causes pressure to build up and a current of urine actually pushes backward from the bladder into the ureters and kidneys.

膀胱管反流，路存在阻碍，导致膀胱压力升高，液受压从膀胱逆流管再到肾。

Acute pyelonephritis is most often caused by ascending infection: meaning bacteria start by colonizing the urethra and bladder, which would be a lower urinary tract infection, and make their way up the ureter to the kidney.

急性肾盂肾炎最常见的感染途径是上行性感染，即细菌先占领膀胱和道（这会是下路感染），然后这些细菌向上感染管到肾。

It's basically a one way valve that prevents urine from refluxing backwards from the bladder into the ureters.

基本上如同一个单向瓣膜，阻止液从膀胱返流进入管。

Finally in grade V, the most severe classification, urine fills up the ureter, pelvis, and calyces causing them swell up completely, and this amount of pressure can lead to kidney failure.

最后，VUR五级最严重，液充满整个管、肾盂、肾盏，导致完全肿胀；这样的高压可能导致肾衰竭。