Next, let's talk about the vacuole.

说说液吧。

The role of the vacuole is to provide support for the cell shape and to store sugars.

液的作用是为细胞形状提供支持并储存糖分。

A plant cell usually has one large vacuole, whereas an animal cell may have several smaller ones, called vesicles.

植物细胞通常有一个大液，而动物细胞可能有许多较小的液，成为囊。

In yeast, that’s an organelle called the vacuole.

在酵母中，那是一个叫做液的细胞器。

That way, the cells would use autophagy to send stuff to the vacuole.

这样，细胞就利用自噬将物质送到液。

Another portion of, especially plant cells, is the vacuole.

另一部分，尤其是植物细胞中，是液。

Then the cell flushes digestive enzymes inside the food vacuole to start the digestion.

然后细胞冲洗食物液内的消化酶以开始消化。

For example all plant cells have a central vacuole.

例如，所有植物细胞都有一个中央液。

Now they'll regulate a few things like water concentration using contractile vacuoles, but mostly they have a pond.

现在它们用伸缩一些东西，比如水的浓度，但大多数情况下它们依赖于一个池塘。

A vacuole is going to be mostly for storage.

液主要用于储存。

Finally, plant cells also contain structures known as vacuoles; these are filled with a watery substance which contains dissolved sugars called cell sap.

最后，植物细胞还包含被称为液的结构；这些液中充满了含有溶解糖分的水样物质，称为细胞液。

Or they're going to have nasty chemicals inside their vacuole.

或者它们在液里储存有害的化学物质。

While some animal cells have small ones, as much as ninety percent of a plant cell's volume can be taken up by the vacuole.

一些动物细胞的液很小，而植物细胞的液占细胞体积的 90% 之多。

And then last two I want to talk about are the vacuole and I lump that in with the plants.

最后两个我想讨论的是液，我把这个归类到植物细胞中。

It's also important, vacuoles in cell growth as well.

在细胞生长过程中，液同样起至关重要的作用。

So vacuoles I like to think of them mostly as storage.

所以，液我主要把它们看作是储存器官。

The membrane pinches off into a little sphere called a vesicle or a vacuole, and voila—the substance is now inside the cell!

膜向内凹陷形成一个小球状结构，称为囊或液，就这样——物质现在进入细胞内部了！

And vacuoles are also more of a plant thing — they're fluid-filled organelles that maintain pressure in the plant cell to keep the plant from wilting.

液更像是植物的东西——它们是充满液体的细胞器，在植物细胞中保持压力，防止植物枯萎。

So every plant is going to have a central vacuole where they put water and they can regulate the amount of water that they have.

因此，每株植物都有一个中央液，用于储存水分，并能自身的水分含量。

Then, Ohsumi altered different genes, to figure out which ones were responsible for sending the old parts to the vacuole in the first place -- this is the actual autophagy process.

然后， 大隅良典改变了不同的基因，以确定哪些基因负责将旧的部分送到液中——这就是实际的自噬过程。