Women, by contrast, may pick from a range which includes the Pill, vaginal rings, copper intrauterine devices, hormonal intrauterine devices, contraceptive sponges, cervical caps, spermicides, diaphragms, female condoms and tubal ligation.

相比之下，女性选择包括避孕药、阴道避孕环、铜质宫内节育器、含孕激素宫内节育器、避孕海绵、子宫帽、杀精剂、避孕膜、女用安全套和输卵管结扎术。

In an anatomical female, that involves the vulva, which includes the mons pubis over the pubic bone, and labia majora and labia minora — the elongated skin folds that surround the vestibule, which contains both the urethral and vaginal openings.

在解剖学女性中，这涉及外阴，包括耻骨上耻骨，大阴唇和小阴唇——前庭周围细长皮肤褶皱，前庭包括尿道口和阴道口。

Because the egg has not been fertilized, the uterus lining called the endometrium is not needed, and hence it breaks down and is lost through the vaginal canal with some blood.

为卵子没有受精，子宫内膜就不被需要，它会分解，随着一些血液通过阴道管道流失。

They can also cause more severe infections like HSV keratoconjunctivitis, meningitis, and encephalitis, as well as neonatal infections which usually get transmitted when a baby passes through infected vaginal secretions.

他们也可能导致更严重染，如HSV角膜结膜炎、脑膜炎和脑炎，以及新生儿染，通常在婴儿接触染阴道分泌物发生病毒传播。

Vaginal dryness is also common before or after menopause, which can lead to increased pain during intercourse and decreased sexual desire.

阴道干燥在绝经前或绝经后也很常见，这可能增加性疼痛和性欲下降。

And probiotics can help promote good bacteria in the vaginal flora.

益生菌可以帮助促进阴道菌群中有益细菌。

These antifungal resistant vaginal yeast infections are part of a much bigger problem.

这些具有抗真菌耐药性阴道酵母染是更大问题一部分。

Births tend to be shorter with later pregnancies if you're having a vaginal birth.

如果你是顺产，后期怀孕分娩间往往会更短。

And I went back, and they did the vaginal ultrasound.

我回到诊所，他们进行阴道超声波检查。

You know, I had scary moment one time I delivered a baby, vaginal delivery, it seemed like a totally normal, like nothing happened, and all of a sudden I'm like doing my check and I feel like something's not right.

- 你知道， 有一次我生一个孩子，阴道分娩，这看起来很正常，就像什么都没发生一样， 突然间我想做检查， 我觉得有些不对劲。

The only reasons, the only contraindications that we have for HRT are if you personally have breast cancer or an estrogen-dependent cancer such as endometrial cancer, if you have undiagnosed vaginal bleeding, if you currently have a heart attack.

我们之所以不推荐使用HRT唯一原， 即唯一禁忌症， 是您个人患有乳腺癌或依赖雌激素癌症（如子宫内膜癌），或者存在未确诊阴道出血，以及目前正在经历心脏病发作。 这里强调是您本人当前健康状况， 而非家族中曾有心脏病发作或中风病史。

But I think that one of the keys for menopausal quality of life is having good health care so that you're not suffering with hot flushes, night sweats, sleep disturbance, mood disturbance, joint pain, brain fog, vaginal dryness.

但我觉得更年期生活质量关键之一是拥有良好医疗保健，这样你就不会遭受潮热、夜间出汗、睡眠障碍、情绪波动、关节疼痛、脑雾和阴道干燥等问题。

Now, if babies are born via C-section, that early phase of colonization is greatly altered, because instead of vaginal, fecal and skin bacteria of the mother, mainly only skin bacteria enter the infant gut.

现在，如果婴儿是通过剖腹产出生， 那么早期定植阶段就会大大改变，为进入婴儿肠道主要不是母亲阴道、粪便和皮肤细菌， 而是主要是皮肤细菌。

The cell research of Greek-American physician George Papanikolaou, who identified cervical cancer cells in vaginal smears in the 1920s, led to mass cervical pap smear tests from the 1950s onwards.

希腊裔美国医生乔治·帕帕尼科劳细胞研究，他在20世纪20年代通过阴道涂片识别出宫颈癌细胞，这一成果自20世纪50年代起推动大规模宫颈涂片筛查开展。

And the other thing that talc and Johnson's Baby Powder, in particular, was used for was by women who were concerned about normal vaginal smells.

而且滑石粉和强生婴儿爽身粉还被一些担心正常阴道气味女性使用。

Think the physical barriers of our skin, the hairs in our nose, the eyelashes that blink out dirt, even vaginal discharge that prevents infections.

想想我们皮肤物理屏障， 鼻子里毛发，眨眼睫毛拂去污垢， 甚至阴道分泌物防止染作用。

And I'll probably be a part of probably two to three vaginal deliveries and maybe one to two C-sections or casserian sections.

而且我可能会参与两到三次阴道分娩，也可能参与一到两次剖腹产或 casserian 剖腹产。

More than half of women experience vaginal dryness during and after menopause, and it impacts confidence, relationships, and overall quality of life.

超过半数女性在更年期期间及之后会经历阴道干燥，这影响她们自信、人际关系以及整体生活质量。

If it is a vaginal birth, there can be a higher risk for birth injury and shoulder dystocia, higher risk for C-section.

如果是阴道分娩，可能会增加新生儿损伤和肩难产风险，同也增加剖宫产风险。

It might be that your doctor puts you on a different type of progesterone, whether it's a coil or a vaginal progesterone.

可能是你医生会让你使用不同类型孕激素，无论是宫内节育器还是阴道用孕激素。