Tree rings are made of tissue called xylem.

构成年织被称为木质。

Carbon and water, more than 1,000 liters of water, in fact, flow freely through the phloem and xylem tubes carry it along.

碳和水，实际上超过 1000 升水，自由流动于韧皮和木质管道中。

So the xylem cells are transporting nutrients from the roots to the leaf, and the phloem are taking the freshly made sugar from the leaf to the rest of the plant.

所以木质细胞将营养物质从输送到叶，韧皮将新鲜糖从叶输送到植物其他分。

Through that space stretches the vascular bundle, with xylem to transport water and phloem which transport sugars after photosynthesis.

通过个空间，延伸出维管束，木质负责运输水，韧皮负责在光合作后运输糖。

Right beside the phloem is the tree's other tissue type: the xylem.

就在韧皮旁边是树另外一种织叫木质。

And if we zoom in, we'll notice its xylem and phloem cells snuggled together, just like they were in the stem.

如果我们放大，我们会注意到它木质和韧皮细胞依偎在一起，就像它们在茎中一样。

This evaporation, called transpiration, creates negative pressure in the xylem, pulling watery xylem sap up the tree.

种蒸发，叫作蒸腾作，在木质中产生一种负压，把液体木质树液往树上方拉。

Here at the tree's base, there are more of these particles in one tissue than the other, so the water from the phloem sap is absorbed into the xylem to correct the balance.

在树，些织里微粒分布不均匀，因此，韧皮树液中水分被吸收到木质中，来调节平衡。

And there are two main types of cells that make up that vascular tissue: xylem and phloem.

构成维管织细胞主要有两种：木质和韧皮。

The xylem cells, which are moving water and nutrients up through the stem, are clumped toward the inside of the bundle, and the phloem, which is transporting sugars down through the plant, is clustered toward the outside.

木质细胞负责将水分和营养物质通过茎向上输送，它们向束内聚集，韧皮负责将糖分向下输送，它们向束外聚集。

To accomplish this herculean task, the xylem relies on three forces: transpiration, capillary action, and root pressure.

要完成样艰巨任务，木质要依赖于三种力量：蒸腾作，毛细作和压。

And where these two forces pull the sap, the osmotic movement at the tree's base creates root pressure, pushing fresh xylem sap up the trunk.

两种力量推动树液向上，树渗透作也产生树压，把新鲜木质树液推上树干。

After water flows from the roots to the leaves through the xylem, it can exit the plant through the tiny stomata mouths.

水通过木质从流向叶后，再通过细小气孔口排出植株。

This process, called osmotic movement, creates nutrient-rich xylem sap, which will then travel up the trunk to spread those nutrients through the tree.

个过程，叫做渗透运动，会产生营养丰富木质树液，些树液会沿着树干向上把营养传送到整棵树。

Sclerenchyma supports organs that are fully mature, and similar to xylem, it has cells that are dead inside (physically, not emotionally) .

厚壁织支持完全成熟器官，与木质相似，它有从内死亡细胞（我指是身体上，而不是情感上）。

This capillary motion is in full effect in xylem filaments thinner than human hair.

在木质纤维中毛细作无处不在，些木质纤维比人头发还细。

As the plant grows, stem cell clusters called meristems generate new xylem cells, which form bigger pipes to suit the plant's needs.

随着植物生长，被称为分生织干细胞簇产生新木质细胞，些细胞形成更大管道以适应植物需要。

There are really tiny tubes called xylem that allow water to move up it.

实际上，存在着称为木质微小管道，可以让水向上移动。

The ability to perceive the world through the eyes and ears of other beings, through the phloem and xylem of trees, even reconnects us, humans, to the fantasticand richly diverse network of organisms that make up our shared Earth.

通过其他生物眼睛和耳朵、树木韧皮和木质来感知世界能力，甚至将我们人类与构成我们共同地球奇妙而丰富多样生物体网络重新连接起来。

But lycopods were also the earliest vascular plants, which means they were the first plants to contain xylem, a special tissue that moves water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves.

但是， 石松类也是最早维管植物，意味着它们是第一批含有木质植物，木质是一种特殊织， 负责将水分和养分从运输到叶子。