In the presence of impurities or in a nonstoichiometric solid, free electrons or electron holes are produced as a result of “charge compensation” to neutralize the effect of charged ionic defects 。
杂质存
情况下,或
非化学计量比
固体中,为了中和带
离子缺陷所引起

不平衡,便会产生自
子或
子空穴。


、
制定者和普通美国人都普遍认为,

对
,我们看到
客利用这些情绪。


