Yet a great many processes depending on such research are sought for with complete secrecy until the stage at which patents can be taken out.

然而，依赖这种研究的很多工艺程序是在完全保密的情况下进行的，直到可以取得专利权的阶段为止。

Later, more established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch.

后来，更多的知名公司竞这样的专利权，希望这样的防御性的行为可以先下手为强。

Over the past decade, thousands of patents have been granted for what are called business methods.

在过去的十年中，成千上万的商业方法被授予了专利权。

Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets.

对于商业方法诉求的限制是个戏剧性的彻底变化，因为正是联邦巡回法院自己引进了这种专利。那是在 1998 年，对于所谓的美国道富行的案件中，联邦巡回法院做出了判决，批准了筹集共同基金资产的方法具有专利权。

We've got this granted patent that allows us to turn on and off that card to only be used at the theatres where you say you want to go and buy a ticket.

我们被授予此项专利权，可以允许我们打开和关闭会员卡的使用权，当你在电影院想购票时，会员卡才会被使用。

Most genetically modified seeds are patented, this means farmers must purchase them after each planting.

大多数转基因种子都有专利权，因此农民们每次种植后都必须再次购买。

Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the Federal Circuit itself that introduced such patents with its 1998 decision in the so-called State Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets.

对于商业方法诉求的限制是个戏剧性的彻底变化，因为正是联邦巡回法院自己引进了这种专利。那是在 1998 年，对于所谓的美国道富行的案件中，联邦巡回法院做出了判决，批准了筹集共同基金资产的方法具有专利权。

Matt Watson of Bristol university, SPICE's principle investigator, was sufficiently concerned about both the application and wider issues of the sort considered by the stakeholder committee that, this week, he cancelled the balloon experiment.

尽管如此，身为SPICE主要调查员的布里斯托尔大学人员-- 马特? 沃森，对专利权申请及受" 趣益关者委员会" 关注的广泛问题持有所顾忌，以取消这星期的" 气球实验" 。

She says issues involving design patents are more complex. Professor Sunder says patents are meant to increase competition and support design and development. She says Apple built its computer company using the same methods that it is now opposing.

她说当问题牵扯到设计专利时往往变得很复杂。 森德教授表示，专利权设立的初衷在于促进同行互竞争，支持原创设计和产品开发。 她说，今天的苹果正与其当年成立时的做法和理念背道而驰。

Biro mastered his design and his pen became a hit in South America but there was still one huge problem.

比罗掌握了设计专利权，他的钢笔在南美大受欢迎，但仍存在着一个巨大的问题。

He was a patentee of the Openshaw unbreakable tire, and his business met with such success that he was able to sell it and to retire upon a handsome competence.

他享有奥彭肖防破车胎的专利权，因而生意十分兴隆，这就使他后来能够将工厂出让，而依靠一笔巨款过着富裕的退休生活。

Meanwhile, the country's biggest car maker, Volvo, invented the industry-changing 3-point safety belt, giving up the patent so any automaker could use it in their vehicles.

与此同时，瑞典最大的汽车制造商沃尔沃发明了足以改变产业的三点式安全带，并放弃了专利权，因此所有的汽车制造商都可以装这种安全带。

Yale's Krystal, NIH's Zarate, and Sinai's Charney, all of whom are on the patent on Charney's wall, will collect royalties based on the drug's sales.

耶鲁大学的科瑞斯，美国国家卫生研究院的萨拉特和西奈山伊坎学院的查尼，他们的名字都列在查尼办公室那面墙上所挂的专利证书之中，他们将根据药物的销售情况收取专利权税。

Many of the drugs needed are no longer covered by patents, but tariffs, poor distribution and high mark-ups still make them costly and scarce.

而很多治疗所需的药品不再受制于专利权，而是关税，药品分布不合理，涨价幅度高仍然造成了药价高昂与药品缺乏。

This is only for one of the patent rights. For invention the duration of protection is even shorter, only for 5 years protection.

只有一种专利权保护期限是15年，发明专利保护期限是15年。至于实用新型和外观设计专利，保护期更短，只有5年。

Even more processes are never patented at all but kept as secret processes.

更多的工艺过程根本就不会取得专利权，而是作为秘方保存着。

On April 15th they were presented with a particularly testing puzzler: should the law allow people to patent human genes?

4月15日，法官们遇到一个当棘手的案件：法律是否允许取得人类基因的专利权。

How long is the duration of patent right for an invention according to the law?

根据这个法律．发明专利权的期限是多久？

Look at patents. A patent grants an inventor exclusive right to profit from a specific product or process.

以专利为例。专利权授予发明者从特定产品或过程中获取利润的专有权。

Some observers think an anti-Myriad ruling would have little practical effect.

一些观察员认为反对麦利亚德公司专利权的裁决将不会产生太大的经济影响。