And the branches represent all the different lineages that diverged from common ancestors.

枝干代表所有不同的世系，这些谱系是从共同的祖先来的。

So that means that there's all these lineages that have been evolving to do something interesting or wonderful or strange or different, and we literally don't know what they're doing.

因此，这意味着有所有这些世系一直在进，做一些有趣或奇妙或奇怪或不同的事情，我们根本不知道它们在做什么。

And the British lineage, which uses a two-handed manual alphabet, eventually made it to Australia, New Zealand and India.

使用双手手语的英国世系，最终传到了澳大利亚、新西兰和印度。

And we were able to find species that had independently evolved monogamy in each of these lineages.

“我们能在其中每个世系中找到独立进出一夫一妻的物种。”

Since then, no horses outside this lineage have been permitted to enter the bloodline. That's a problem.

自那时起，这一世系外的马匹都不允许进入这一血统。这是个问题。

But while this lineage has largely died out, remnants of it live on in Icelandic Sign Language today.

但是，虽然这一世系已基本绝迹，但其残余部至今仍留存在冰岛手语中。

But each of those lineages evolved independently of each other.

但每个世系都是独立演的。

Power says manual alphabets from Austria, France and Spain could be traced back to one-handed manual alphabets from 16th- and 17th-century Spain.

鲍尔表示，奥地利、法国和西班牙世系中的手语可追溯到16世纪和17世纪西班牙的单手手语。

Akhenaten was the one exception in a 2,000-year line of conformist pharaohs.

阿肯那顿是 2000 年墨守成规法老世系中的唯一例外。

In the more than 300 years since, all British monarchs have descended from this line.

在此后的 300 多年里， 所有英国君主都出自这一世系。

They split into many families and lineages evolving further or disappearing again.

它们裂成许多家族和世系，进一步演或再次消失。

And I'm really struck by how rarely stable successions were carried out in this period, how infrequent it was that a dynastic line could be set up, not just in England, but in Normandy as well across the channel.

我深感震撼的是， 在这一时期， 稳定的王位继承实属罕见，建立一个王朝世系并不常见，不仅在英格兰如此， 在英吉利海峡对岸的诺曼底亦然。

What many people don't realize is that that is carved by a priest of Mandulas, who is still living, and he seems to be a sort of a family lineage of priests in this region.

许多人都没有意识到， 那是曼杜拉斯的一位祭司雕刻的，这位祭司至今仍然活着， 他似乎是一个家族祭司世系中的一员。

They, they were able to get this down to, uh, you know, to, to the, to, to an, with an exactitude in terms of the genealogy of the Kings and what years that they reigned.

他们能够精确到国王的世系以及他们在位的年份。

Instead of ancestry, lineage, or race being the key to social division, the American system has elements of a meritocracy, a system in which social mobility is based on personal merit and individual talents.

在美国体系中， 决定社会工的关键不是血统、世系或种族，是精英治理， 即社会流动性基于个人的才能和资质。

The Ghassanid line of kings likely emerged from an inter-tribal conflict north of the Arabian Peninsula around 500, a conflict fought in part to determine who would be the closest partners with Byzantine leadership.

加萨尼王朝的国王世系很可能是在公元500年左右， 阿拉伯半岛北部部落间冲突中崛起的，这场冲突部是为了决定谁将成为拜占庭领导层最亲密的合作伙伴。

In the whole line of Prussian kings he loved no one, not even the great Frederick — and he cared still less for the rulers under which he himself had served.

在整个普鲁士国王世系中，他不喜欢任何一个人，甚至连伟大的腓特烈也不喜欢——他更不关心他曾为他效力的统治者。

It is not the only trace of Old English in the Florida interior, for the backwoods people come of a line that stems back to Chaucer.

这并不是佛罗里达州内陆唯一的古英语痕迹，因为偏远地区的人们起源于可以追溯到乔叟的世系。

And that's where we get this most commonly used name for the empire, the Achaemenid Empire, is from Darius's retooling of that genealogy.

我们常用的帝国名称，阿契美尼德帝国，就是源自大流士对那段世系的重新诠释。

If your Italian family lineage goes through an ancestor who was a minor when their parent naturalized, how does this affect you?

如果你的意大利家族世系中有一位祖先在其未成年时父完成了归手续，这会如何影响你？