And the branches represent all the different lineages that diverged from common ancestors.

而枝干代表所有不同的世系，这些谱系是从共同的祖先分化而来的。

But each of those lineages evolved independently of each other.

但每个世系都是独立演化的。

And we were able to find species that had independently evolved monogamy in each of these lineages.

“我们能在其中每个世系中找到独立进化出一夫一妻制的物种。”

Since then, no horses outside this lineage have been permitted to enter the bloodline. That's a problem.

自那时起，这一世系外的马匹都不允许进入这一血统。这是个问题。

But while this lineage has largely died out, remnants of it live on in Icelandic Sign Language today.

但是，虽然这一世系已基本绝迹，但其残余部分至今仍留存在冰岛手语中。

And the British lineage, which uses a two-handed manual alphabet, eventually made it to Australia, New Zealand and India.

而使用双手手语字母的英国世系，最终传到了澳大利亚、新西兰和印度。

Akhenaten was the one exception in a 2,000-year line of conformist pharaohs.

阿肯那顿是 2000 墨守成规法老世系中的唯一例外。

In the more than 300 years since, all British monarchs have descended from this line.

在此后的 300 多里， 所有英国君主都出自这一世系。

Italian prominent aristocratic line of noted Roman Catholics.

意大利著名的罗马天主教徒贵族世系。

And then, you know, there's those lineage names, like Jorgensen, son of Jorgen, right?

然后，你知道，还有那些世系名称， 比如 Jorgen， Jorgen 的儿子， 对吧？

Okay, well, I come from a line of WASPs so long it leads back to Moses.

好吧，好吧，我来自一个 WASP 世系，时间很长，它可以追溯到摩西。

William gave England  a mostly stable line of kings and moved the country closer to continental Europe.

威廉给了英格兰一个基本稳定的国王世系，并使这个国家更接近欧大陆。

They’ve traced their ancestry to Scotland.

【trace】他们将自己的世系追溯到了苏格兰。

Power says manual alphabets from Austria, France and Spain could be traced back to one-handed manual alphabets from 16th- and 17th-century Spain.

鲍尔表示，奥地利、法国和西班牙世系中的手语字母可追溯到16世纪和17世纪西班牙的单手手语字母。

But when she died in 1714 without an heir, bringing the line of Protestant Stuarts to

但当她于 1714 去世时，没有继承人，新教斯图亚特王朝的世系也随之消失。

Mark was their first pope, and the first in an unbroken line of Coptic popes, stretching back nearly 2,000 years.

马克是他们的第一位教皇，也是普特教皇不间断世系中的第一位，可以追溯到将近 2000 前。

Then, around the beginning of the Carboniferous, a new lineage appeared with an even more radical strategy to deal with the fish problem.

然后，大约在石炭纪初期，出现了一个新的世系， 它采用更激进的策略来解决鱼类问题。

Furthermore, when he produced a male heir himself in 1688, his enemies became extremely concerned that a new Catholic line of kings was imminent.

此外，当他于 1688 亲自产生一位男性继承人时，他的敌人变得极其担心新的天主教国王世系即将到来。

It is not the only trace of Old English in the Florida interior, for the backwoods people come of a line that stems back to Chaucer.

这并不是佛罗里达州内陆唯一的古英语痕迹，因为偏远地区的人们起源于可以追溯到乔叟的世系。

So that means that there's all these lineages that have been evolving to do something interesting or wonderful or strange or different, and we literally don't know what they're doing.

因此，这意味着有所有这些世系一直在进化，做一些有趣或奇妙或奇怪或不同的事情，而我们根本不知道它们在做什么。