So traditionally when we think about ice cream, we think about gelato, it's made with butterfat, fat derived from dairy, i.e. milk or cream.

传统上，当我们提到冰淇淋，或者提到意大利冰淇淋时，所用脂肪往往是乳脂肪制成，即来自乳制品脂肪，如牛奶或奶油。

It is not as delicious as it sounds.

羞" 乳" 味道可不怎么美味哦。

Uh, we just went to three different diners looking for your perfect egg cream.

我们去了三家餐馆去找你心中完美蜜蛋乳。

Then, into the blackness, in painting after painting, came a luminous zone of milky grey.

然后，穿过黑暗，走过一幅又一幅画后，出现了一片乳灰色发光区。

It's very much like a primer, yes. Interestingly with makeup from the beginning of the early 20th century, it started out being something that's quite unseemly and something that's under the counter.

是，这很像妆前乳。有趣是，从 20 世纪初开始化妆，它开始是一些非常不体面，上不得台面东西。

You whisk them together, and the acid in the vinegar works on the milk solids in the butter so that the butter, instead of melting, becomes this creamy, light, frothy with, with kind of a fantastic, subtle kind of... - Tangy.

它们搅拌在一起，醋里酸性物质会作用于黄油中乳固形物，这样黄油不仅不会化掉，反而会变得像奶油一样顺滑、轻盈、蓬松，还带着一种… … 那种非常美妙、微妙… … - 清新微酸。

These were normal in the mice exposed to L. reuteri, which makes sense since animals treated with the bacterium sought out more social experiences.

这些在暴露于乳杆菌老鼠身长很常见，这也说得通，因为受过细菌治疗动物会寻求更多社会经历。

Spread on some of our fluffy buttermilk pancakes. And I've added a little bit of pandan-infused milk into the batter as well.

涂在我们松软酪乳煎饼上。我还在面糊中加入了一点儿泡着斑兰牛奶。

More importantly, the high temperatures start breaking down some of the whey proteins inside, called beta-lactoglobulin, which changes their shape.

更重要是，高温会开始分解，也就是破坏这些叫做β-乳球蛋白物质结构。

Bacteria-fed mice attempted to swim for longer than the others before they gave up and had to be rescued.

在这些小鼠放弃游泳并不得不被救出之前，李糖乳杆菌喂养小鼠 试图游泳时间比其它小鼠更长。

Combine it and then that seasoning mix gets divided between buttermilk and our dredging flour.

它混合，然后调味料分别混合在酪乳和裹鸡肉面粉中。

Levels of corticosterone, a stress hormone, were markedly lower in the bacteria-fed mice than they were in the control group when both groups were exposed to stressful situations.

当两组小鼠进行应激实验时，喂食李糖乳杆菌小鼠体内应激激素皮质 甾酮含量比那些对照组小鼠体内要明显低地多。

To test this idea they cut that nerve in selected animals. In these animals, subsequent treatment with L. reuteri failed to abolish their autistic symptoms.

为了测试这一想法，他们切除了选定动物神经。在这些动物中，乳杆菌后续治疗没能消除它们孤独症症状。

The researchers found that the bacterially boosted mice ventured out into the open twice as often as the control mice, which they interpreted to mean that these rodents were more confident and less anxious than those not fed Lactobacillus.

研究人员发现，喂食了李糖乳杆菌小鼠更经常冒险进入敞开隧道，而且次数是对照小鼠两倍之多。他们解释意味着这些啮齿类动物比那些没有喂食李糖乳杆菌小鼠更有信心而且焦虑更少。

This existing approval, which means L. reuteri poses no known health hazard, simplifies the process of organising clinical trials.

目前批准意味着乳杆菌没有已知健康危害，简化了组织临床实验过程。

They arranged for between seven and 15 mice of each of the four types to have, starting at the age of three weeks, their drinking water laced with L. reuteri.

他们组了四种类型并安排每一类型中7到15只老鼠，从三周大时候就开始饮用掺有乳杆菌水。

The crucial aspect of this work is L. reuteri's wide availability-an availability approved by regulators such as America's Food and Drug Administration.

这项工作关键部分在于乳杆菌广泛可用性—这种可用性得到了监管者，如美国食品和药物管理局批准。

It has the body of buttermilk with a milder tang.

它有酪乳味道，味道更温和。

And you can actually get a good amount of lactoferrin from raw milk, like not too much, but you can get a decent amount of it, which is why I do support raw milk to a pretty good extent.

实际上， 你可以从生牛奶中获取相当量乳铁蛋白，虽然不是特别多， 但量还是不错，这也是为什么我在很大程度上支持饮用生牛奶原因。

I keep cows through no love of having them about, but for frank culinary purposes. A country kitchen has no excuse for existence without pans of yellow milk, inch deep in cream, pounds of fresh-churned butter and foaming buttermilk.

我养牛并不是因为喜欢养牛，而是出于坦率烹饪目。如果没有黄色牛奶、一英寸深奶油、几磅新鲜搅拌黄油和起泡酪乳，乡村厨房就没有存在借口。