The bear case rests on patience, a Persian restoration and a Permian boom.

看跌的理由在于耐心，波斯的恢复纪的繁荣。

The idea that an impact caused the Permian extinction has been around for a while.

导致纪大灭绝的原因长期以来都没有一个定论。

It happens at the end of the Permian period about 250 million years ago.

它发生在大约 2.5 亿年前的纪末期。

But from then on, production in even the Permian began steadily declining as the conventionally easy-to-access oil in large pools beneath the surface began running out.

但从那时起，纪盆地的产量也开始稳步下降，因为地表下大型油池中易于开采的常规石油开始枯竭。

Estimates for the number of animal species alive at the end of the Permian range from as low as 45,000 to as high as 240,000.

据估计，纪结束的时候，活着的动物物种数量从45000-240000种不等。

Marathon owns assets in Eagle Ford in Texas, Bakken in North Dakota, Permian in New Mexico and Texas, and in Oklahoma.

马拉松石油公司在德克萨斯州的鹰滩、北科他州的巴肯、新墨西哥州德克萨斯州的纪盆地以及俄克拉荷马州拥有资产。

The acquisition expands Chevron's shale-oil assets in America's Permian basin, where Anadarko is a leading independent operator.

此次收购扩大了雪佛龙在国纪盆地的页岩油资产，阿纳科是该地区领先的独立运营商。

The event took place at the end of what Earth scientists, or geologists, call the Permian Period.

这一事件发生在地球科学家或地质学家所说的纪末期。

Bnef predicts output in the Permian basin could rise by as much as 1m bpd by the end of 2023; ExxonMobil, an oil major, plans to increase output there by a quarter this year.

新能源财经（Bnef）预测，到2023年底，纪盆地的日产量可能增加100万桶；石油巨头埃克计划今年将那里的产量增加四分之一。

But the real whopper was the Permian extinction of about 245 million years ago, which raised the curtain on the long age of the dinosaurs.

但是，真正厉害的是大约24500万年前的纪灭绝，它为漫长的恐龙时代揭开了序幕。

And as it turned out, the Permian too was absolutely covered with previously inaccessible petroleum-rich shale rocks beneath the surface.

而事实证明，纪盆地的地表下也绝对覆盖着以前无法触及的富含石油的页岩。

And in the meantime, things weren't looking very good because, by 1974, the gigantic Permian Basin in Texas had reached its peak production and was providing nearly one-fourth of America's entire supply of oil.

与此同时，情况并不乐观，因为到 1974 年，德克萨斯州巨大的纪盆地已经到了产量的顶峰，提供了国全部石油供应量的近四分之一。

And then all eyes began once again turning back towards the gigantic Permian Basin over in west Texas.

然后，所有的目光又开始转向德克萨斯州西部巨大的纪盆地。

The Sprayberry and Wolfcamp field in the Permian is generally now regarded as the second largest oil field on the planet, behind only Saudi Arabia's largest oil field at Ghawar.

位于纪的喷伯里沃尔夫坎普油田现在被公认为全球第大油田，仅次于沙特阿拉伯最大的加瓦尔油田。

It's about natural gas in the Permian Basin in the west of Texas.

这是关于德克萨斯州西部纪盆地的天然气。

At $60, most producers are still profitable, particularly those that are in the Permian.

在60元的价格下，大多数生产商仍然盈利，特别是那些位于纪盆地的生产商。

However similar to this era our modern experiment on the planet might first appear, It's worth acknowledging, even stressing, that the end-permian climate catastrophe was truly surpassingly bad, and on a scale unlikely ever to be matched by humans.

尽管我们现代对地球的实验初看之下与此时期颇为相似，但值得承认， 甚至强调的是，纪末期的气候灾难确实极其严重，其规模之巨， 人类恐怕难以企及。

These catastrophes contributed to the extinction of 95% of species in the ocean, and on land, the strange reptiles of the Permian gave way to the ancestors of the far more familiar dinosaurs we know today.

这些灾难导致了海洋中95%的物种灭绝，而在陆地上， 纪那些奇异的爬行动物被今天我们所熟知的更为熟悉的恐龙的祖先所取代。

It hands chevron a big liquefied natural gas project in Mozambique Anadarko's Holdings in the Gulf of Mexico will make Chevron the second biggest producer there But the main prize is its vast acreage in the Permians.

这使雪佛龙获得了莫桑比克的一个大型液化天然气项目。阿纳科在墨西哥湾的资产将使雪佛龙成为那里的第大生产商。但最大的收获是其在纪的广大区块。

It is another world from the tumbleweed strewn oilfields of West Texas where Mr. Sheffield was once dubbed, the mother fracker for his role in turning the Permian Basin into the motherload of America's shale boom.

这与斯科菲尔德曾经被冠以“水力压裂之母”称号的纪盆地荒凉油田完全是两个世界。在那里，他主导了国页岩油热潮的兴起。