The kidney also secretes the hormone erythropoietin which stimulates the production of red blood cells from the bone marrow.

肾也会分泌生成素，后者能刺激骨髓产生。

An artificial version was developed in the late 1980s to treat anaemia.

20世纪80年代晚期科学家曾发明一种人工生成素用于治疗贫血症。

In chronic kidney disease, erythropoietin levels fall and this leads to lowered production of red blood cells, and ultimately anemia.

慢性肾病中，生成素降低，这导致产生减少，终导致贫血。

Meanwhile, the kidneys make more erythropoietin, a hormone that increases red blood cell production.

同时，肾脏会产生更多的生成素，这是一种增加生成的激素。

The kidneys regulate our levels of red blood cells through the release of erythropoietin, a hormone which causes marrow to increase production.

肾脏通过释放生成素来调节我们的，生成素是一种导致骨髓增加产量的激素。

RBCs are produced in the bone marrow, in response to erythropoietin - which is a molecule secreted by the kidneys in response to low levels of oxygen in the blood.

（RBC）在生成素的刺激下于骨髓中生成；生成素是肾脏应对血液中的低氧而分泌的一种分子。

And this is usually done with either blood transfusions, using your own blood, or by injecting yourself with erythropoietin, a molecule that stimulates the production of more red blood cells.

这通常通过输血、使用自己的血液或给自己注射生成素来完成，生成素是一种刺激更多产生的分子。

Steroids, erythropoietin (EPO) and newer, less familiar performance-enhancing drugs (PEDS) will have bulked their muscles, enriched their blood and allowed them to train harder than unenhanced humans would find possible.

类固醇、生成素(EPO)和更新的、不太为人所知的提高体能的药物(PEDDS)能够让服用者的肌肉更加强健，血液更加丰富，如此他们就能够比普通人类更加努力地训练。

As with EPO, says Dr Tucker, the idea is to improve the all-important power-to-weight ratio- but by tinkering with the " weight" side of the equation instead of the " power" side.

塔克博士表示，与生成素一样，这种方法的目的是提高能量体重比，这至关重要——不过是在等式的“重量”一侧而不是“能量”一侧进行修补。

Intravenous iron therapy can sometimes be useful, and when hemoglobin levels fall below 7 grams per deciliter, transfusions with packed RBCs, or erythropoietic agents like epoetin alfa or darbepoetin alfa may be given to improve symptoms.

静脉注射铁剂有时也有用，当血蛋白降至7g/dL以下时，可以输注或用生成剂，如阿法依泊汀（生成素）、阿法达贝泊汀来改善症状。