Crafting a persuasive argument goes back to the foundations of rhetoric.

有说服力的论点可以追溯到修辞学的。

Even William Strunk, that Mussolini of rhetoric, recognized the delicious pliability of language.

即便是威廉·斯特伦克，这位修辞学的墨索里尼，也认识到了语言美妙的灵活多变。

Aristotle was the philosopher who first discussed rhetoric in detail.

亚里士多德是最早详细论修辞学的哲学家。

In this video, we will explore the three methods of persuasion laid out by Aristotle in his book Rhetoric.

在这段视频，我们将探亚里士多德在《修辞学》一书提出的三种说服方法。

As with so many other founding principles of our culture, our understanding of rhetoric derives from the fifth century B.

与我们文化的许多其他本原则一样，我们对修辞学的解起源于公元前五世纪。

In the Middle Ages rhetoric was one of the main subjects of the curriculum.

在世纪修辞学是课程的主要科目之一。

You could sense that his everyday conversation must have been packed with such vivid figures of speech as personification, symbolism, and misplaced modifiers.

可以感觉到，在他惯用的语言，一定是充满了修辞学的各种譬喻词汇。

As the demand increased, the school, both of philosophy and rhetoric, became stationary, first in Athens, and afterwards in several other cities.

随着需求的增加， 哲学和修辞学的学校开始停滞不前， 首先是在雅典， 然后是在其他几个城市。

To sum up what we have discussed today, in this lecture, we mainly concentrated on the development and evolution of rhetoric.

综上所述，在这节课，我们主要论修辞学的发展和演变。

Keep in mind that — for Aristotle — rhetoric is the art of persuasion and not the meaningless language that many politicians are charged with using.

请记住，在亚里士多德看来，修辞学是说服的艺术，而不是许多政客被指控使用的毫无意义的语言。

Aristotle talks about the emotions in depth in Book 2 of Rhetoric but I'll give a brief summary of the roughly 7 emotional dualities he puts forward.

亚里士多德在《修辞学》的第二卷深入论了情绪，但我将简要总结一下他提出的大约 7 种情绪二元性。

Led on a little deceptively by Socrates, Gorgias claims that rhetoric is not a particular art, but embraces all the other arts and is more powerful than medicine (456a–c).

在苏格拉底的带领下，高尔吉亚有点欺骗性地声称修辞学不是一门特定的艺术，而是包含所有其他艺术， 并且比医学更强大 (456a-c)。

The ancient Greeks discussed the different aspects of rhetoric-such as how to find topics, how to organize the information, how to remember the points of the speech, how to gesture, etc.

古希腊人论了修辞学的不同方面，如如何发现话题、如何组织信息、如何记住讲话的要点、如何做手势等。

I well remember the pleasure with which, as a young man, I heard my venerable and practiced professor of rhetoric say that he supposed there was no work known to man more difficult than writing.

我清楚地记得， 作为一个年轻人， 我很高兴地听到我那位受人尊敬且经验丰富的修辞学教授说他认为没有比写作更难的工作了。

The demand for philosophy and rhetoric was, for a long time, so small, that the first professed teachers of either could not find constant employment in any one city, but were obliged to travel about from place to place.

对哲学和修辞学的需求如此之小， 以致于其第一批自称教师的人无法在任何一个城市找到稳定的工作， 而不得不四处奔波。

To have an educated man or woman come to one's town to give a formal speech about things that mattered was a real event – it showed what language was capable of in the hands of a master of rhetoric.

一个受过教育的男人或女人来到自己的城镇，就重要的事情发表正式的演说，这是一件真正的事情——它显示了语言在修辞学大师手的能力。