That's the light sensitive tissue at the back of the eye.

那是眼睛后部的敏组织。

Researchers looked at the role of specialized photosensitive cells in the retina.

研究者们研究视网膜内特别的敏细胞。

They both have lenses that bend light and project an image onto a light-sensitive surface.

它们都具有能够线并将图像投射到敏表面上的透镜。

Why are there two times as many green color photocells in this pixel array?

为什么在这个像素阵列中绿色敏单元的数量是其他颜色的两倍？

In other words, it usually has this red phytochrome confirmation.

换句话说，它通常具有这种红色的敏色素构象。

Last one, 32 Phytochromes change their state at the same speed.

最后一个，第32题，敏色素的转变度相同。

So, the researchers genetically altered cells to contain photosensitive proteins named Phytochromes.

因此, 研究人员对细胞进行了基因改造, 使其含有名为植物染色体的敏蛋白。

And they're sensing that using these phytochromes.

它们是利用这些敏色素来感知的。

For example, I grew up in the heat of Texas yet didn't have any problems with the photosensitizers in Lime or Celery.

例如，我在炎热的德克萨斯州长大，但对酸橙或芹菜中的敏剂没有问题。

As mentioned before, there are about 16 million of these tiny light-sensitive circuits in a camera's image sensor.

正如前面提到的，相机的图像传感器中有大约1600万个这样的微型敏电路。

One way animals have evolved to see better is to have more of those light-sensitive cells in each eye.

动物为了看得更清楚而进化的一种方式是在每只眼睛中拥有更多的敏细胞。

The opsin gene for our green-sensitive visual pigment was duplicated, and the second version evolved to be more red-sensitive.

我们绿色敏感视色素的敏基因发生了复制，复制的第二个版本逐渐进化为对红色更加敏感。

The camera I'm talking to right now has a sensor composed of red, green, and blue sensitive photo sites.

我正在交谈的这台相机，其传感器由对红、绿、蓝敏感的敏元件组成。

And we think that plants use something called a phytochrome.

我们认为植物使用一种叫做敏色素的物质。

And by the amount of phytochromes that have changed their shape, they can tell what time of the day it is.

通过敏色素形状变化的数量，它们可以判断一天中的时间。

Whereas with a Japanese print, which uses highly light sensitive colourants, that can be displayed for more like eight months per decade, or even less.

然而日本的版画使用高敏的着色剂，每十年只能展览大概8个月左右，甚至更少。

The team made their discovery with a technique called optogenetics, which uses genetic engineering to introduce light-sensitive proteins into select brain cells.

研究团队使用一种称为遗传学的技术做出了这一发现，该技术通过基因工程将敏蛋白引入选定的脑细胞。

Finally, a general photosensitivity of the skin —essentially a catch-all category for other rashes that happen to sun-exposed areas —typically only lasting a couple of days.

最后，常见具有敏性的皮肤损害，这包含了日照引起的所有其它皮疹，通常只持续几天。

If we clone this light-sensitive part of the algae and then add it to neurons through genetic modification, we can make neurons light-sensitive, too.

如果我们克隆藻类的这个敏部分，然后通过基因改造将它添加到神经元中，我们也可以使神经元对敏感。

This idea of genetically altered to have light sensitive proteins, I think that's a little bit too much detail up front, so let's move that down.

这种基因改变产生敏蛋白的想法, 我认为前面有点太详细了, 所以让我们把它移下来。