We call the bonds between these atoms covalent bonds.

我将这些原子之间键称作共价键。

Now, remember that in a covalent bond two electrons are shared, usually unequally, between atoms.

那么，通常，在共价键里，两个电子在原子之间被不平等共享。

It's the ultimate covalently bonded structure, just a couple of carbon atoms.

它是最完美共价键结构，本质上就是碳原子组合。

The other category is complexed calcium, which is where the positively charged calcium is ionically linked to tiny negatively charged molecules like oxalate, which is a small anion that are normally found in our blood in small amounts.

另一组是结合钙，带正电钙离子共价结合至微带负电离子上，例如草酸盐离子；草酸盐是体积阴离子，通常少量存在于血液中。

These are materials made of polymers, or chains of molecules, that are assembled together using non-covalent bonds.

它由聚合物或分子组成，这些聚合物或分子共价键聚集在一起。

Those crosslinks are generally also formed from covalent bonds, which are interactions where atoms share electrons and generally require a chemical reaction to make or break.

这些交联键通常也是由共价键形成，这些共价键是在原子共享电子相互作下形成，通常需要化学反应才能使之形成或断裂。

For example, take molecules, atoms held together by covalent bonds.

例如分子中原子有着共价联系。

SPNs do often contain conventional polymers that are held together by covalent bonds.

SPN通常含有由共价键连接在一起普通聚合物。

Normally, different molecules are connected by covalent chemical bonds between their atoms.

通常情况下，不同分子通过原子间共价化学键相连接。

Diamonds are hard because of their molecular structure, each carbon atom forms four covalent bonds with the atoms around it, which forms an exceptionally hard crystal structure.

金刚石坚硬是因为其分子结构，每个碳原子与相邻原子形成四个共价键，从而形成极其坚硬晶体结构。

But what you don't see are all those non-covalent interactions.

但您看不到所有这些共价相互作。

Can you blow straight past thatto covalently bonded equivalents of biology, where instead of proteins that fold up and are held together by static cling, you've got things that go down much sharper potential energy gradientsand are bonded together?

你能直接跳到与生物学共价键合等效概念吗？在那里， 不是蛋白质通过静电相互吸引而折叠和结合在一起，而是有东西沿着更陡势能梯度下降， 并且是通过化学键结合在一起。

Columns of transition metals Compounds are created either by unpaired electrons from different atoms forming joint orbitals called covalent bonds or by the complete transfer of unpaired electrons between atoms to create paired orbitals in the recipients.

过渡金属列化合物是通过不同原子未配对电子形成称为共价键共同轨道，或者通过原子之间完全转移未配对电子，在接收方中形成配对轨道而产生。

Normally, different molecules are connected by covalent chemical bonds between their atoms. But Sauvage and his team used copper ions to coax molecules into interlocking like links in a chain, which they call a catenane.

通常，不同分子通过它原子之间共价化学键连接在一起。但索瓦日和他团队使铜离子促使分子像条中环节一样相互扣合，他称之为环烷。

Inside the quartz is a crystal lattice of one silicon for every two oxygen atoms, which forms a network of covalent bonds, with electrons being more attracted to the oxygen due to their electronegativity.

石英内部是由每个硅原子对应两个氧原子组成晶格，形成了一个共价键网络，由于氧电负性更强， 电子更倾向于被氧吸引。

They're going to have one electron that they tend to use when they are either getting lost to form an ion or that they might be able to use to form a covalent bond.

它有一个电子，当它要么失去电子形成离子，要么可能使这个电子形成共价键时会到这个电子。

Really though, hydrogen bonds aren't chemical bonds in the same sense that ionic and covalent bonds are, but they are the strongest interactions that occur between molecules.

真， 氢键并不是像离子键和共价键那样化学键，但它是分子之间最强相互作。

The very fact any student in America knows what a covalent bond is is a fucking miracle, and every adult involved deserves the Congressional Medal of Honor.

美国学生竟然知道什么是共价键， 这简直是个奇迹，所有参与其中成年人都值得获得国会荣誉勋章。

To turn nasal spray into meth, you’d need to first break its very strong covalent bonds, and that requires dangerous reagents and expensive, high-pressure lab equipment.

要将喷鼻剂变成冰毒， 您需要首先打破其常牢固共价键，而这需要危险试剂和昂贵高压实验室设备。

So like in a covalent bond, two electrons are equally shared between two atoms, and that sharing of electrons is what keeps them close together.

在共价键中，两个电子在两个原子间被等同地共享，这种电子共享是使它紧密结合在一起原因。