The endoplasmic reticulum helps transport proteins made by the ribosomes to the Golgi apparatus.

内质网将核糖体合成的蛋白质运到高基体。

Remember that the " egg" is still just a secondary oocyte here, and hasn't completed meiosis. As the sperm delivers its payload, it causes a flash of calcium ions from the oocyte's endoplasmic reticulum.

请记住，“卵子”在这里仍然个次级卵母细胞，还没有完成减数分裂。当精子传递其有效载荷时，它从卵母细胞的内质网中产生钙离子闪光。

When compared to eukaryotic cells, the structure of bacteria is less complex due to a lack of nucleus and membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi complexes.

与真核细胞相比，细菌的结构简单很多：缺少细胞核及膜包的细胞器，例如线粒体、内质网与高基体。

Misfolded alpha-1 antitrypsin can aggregate and get stuck in the endoplasmic reticulum of the liver hepatocytes where it's made, causing some of those cells to die.

错误折叠的α-1抗胰蛋白酶可聚集并阻塞于肝细胞内质网中，即α-1抗胰蛋白酶产生的地方，导致其中部分肝细胞死亡。

In addition, most of the intracellular calcium is stored within organelles like the mitochondria and smooth endoplasmic reticulum and is released selectively just when it's needed.

另外，大多数的细胞内钙储存在细胞器中，比如线粒体、光面内质网，当需要的时候，它们择性地释放。

There can be as many as 10 million ribosomes in a human cell, all studded along a ribbon-like structure, called the endoplasmic reticulum.

人类的细胞可能有多达千万个核糖体，沿着个带状结构排列，这个带状结构称为内质网。

It can bind to specific receptors found on mitochondria and endoplasmic reticula, and may even have the potential to kill certain cancerous cells.

它可以与从线粒体和内质网上发现的特定受体结合，甚至有可能杀死某些癌细胞。

Some ribosomes float free in the cytoplasm, while others are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.

些核糖体游离于细胞质中，而另些则附着在内质网上。

The tissue is also exposed to diastase, which is an enzyme that normally destroys alpha-1 antitrypsin, but since alpha-1 antitrypsin's stuck and hidden away in the endoplasmic reticulum, diastase can't get to it and so it's diastase resistant.

该活检组织也施用淀粉酶；淀粉酶通常用于水解α-1抗胰蛋白酶，但由于α-1抗胰蛋白酶阻塞、隐藏于内质网中，淀粉酶触及不了，因此产生淀粉酶抵抗。

And muscle cells also have their own version of an endoplasmic reticulum — the cell's transport and storage system — but in this case it's specialized, so it gets a special name: the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

肌肉细胞也有自己的内质网——细胞的运输和储存系统——但在这种情况下，它专门化的，所以它有个特殊的名字：肌质网。

And so what does the rough endoplasmic reticulum do?

糙面内质网的功能什么？

Those cells absorb all of the building blocks of milk, then synthesize tiny droplets of fat on structures called smooth endoplasmic reticula.

这些细胞吸收了牛奶的所有基本成分，然后在称为平滑内质网的结构上合成微小的脂肪滴。

The one that I want to talk about more specifically is called endoplasmic reticulum.

我特别想谈论的内质网。

So smooth ER is super important.

所以内质网特别重要。

But some of them are going to be found right on the rough ER.

但其中些将在粗糙内质网上找到。

And so endoplasmic reticulum is just one organelle inside eukaryotic cells.

内质网真核细胞内的种细胞器。

And so what does rough E.R. do?

粗糙内质网的功能什么？

And so the smooth E.R. shows a high amount of specialization.

因此，光滑型内质网显示出高度的专业化。

The smooth E.R. doesn't have ribosomes on its surface but it doesn't mean it's any less important.

光滑的内质网上没有核糖体，但这并不意味着它不重要。

So there are a number of jobs done by the E.R. and it also increases the surface area for that cell, for all of these chemical reactions.

所以内质网执行了很多任务， 同时也增加了细胞的表面积，从而提高了所有这些化学反应的效率。