Thrombin also turns factor XIII into factor XIIIa which cross links the fibrin to form a stable clot.

凝血酶也能使因子XIII转变为因子XIIIa；因子XIIIa与纤维蛋白通过交叉连接形成稳固的血凝块。

Factor Xa, with Factor Va as a cofactor, turns factor II (also called prothrombin) into factor IIa or thrombin.

活性因子Xa作为辅因子的因子Va将因子II（凝血酶原）转变为因子IIa（凝血酶）。

So, in people with protein C and S deficiency, the thrombin-thrombomodulin complex can't cleave and inactivate factors V and VIII.

所以，在蛋白CS症患者体，凝血酶-血蛋白复合物不能裂解灭活V因子VIII因子。

Finally, an elevated or prolonged prothrombin time, which is the time it takes your blood to clot, is a typical lab finding in more severe cases.

最终，凝血酶原时间延长，即血液凝固的时间，也是更严重自免肝病例的典型实验室指标。

Thrombin then turns factor I or fibrinogen, which is soluble, into factor Ia or fibrin, which is insoluble and precipitates out of the blood at the site of injury.

之后凝血酶将可溶的因子I（纤维蛋白原）转变为因子Ia（纤维蛋白原），纤维蛋白不可溶，便在损伤部位从血液中析出。

There is also a prolonged prothrombin (or PT) time, as well as prolonged partial thromboplastin time (or PTT), both of which reflect having lower levels of circulating coagulation factors.

凝血酶原（PT）时间部分凝血活酶（PTT）时间均会延长，两者都反映出血液循环中低水平的凝血因子。

And birth control pills tip the balance towards clotting because they increase the levels of clotting factors and decrease the levels of some anticoagulation factors like protein C and antithrombin.

而避孕药使得凝血功能亢进，因为避孕药增强了凝血因子的功能，降低了蛋白C及抗凝血酶等抗凝因子的功能。

Diagnosis of hemophilia A and B usually starts with lab tests including a platelet count which is usually normal, a prothrombin (PT) time, and a partial thromboplastic (PTT) time.

血友病AB的诊断通常是进行实验检测，包括血小板计数（一般正常）、凝血酶原时间（PT），以及部分凝血活酶时间（PTT）。

Plasma is the liquid part of the blood and consists of water, dissolved proteins, sugar, salts, hormones, and other substances. The four major plasma proteins are albumin, globulin, fibrinogen, and prothrombin.

血浆是血液的液体部分，由水，溶解的蛋白质，糖，盐，激素其他物质组成。四种主要的血浆蛋白是白蛋白，球蛋白，纤维蛋白原凝血酶原。

So, it starts with a protein called thrombomodulin, which is on endothelial cells that line our blood vessels, and together with thrombin, they form a complex that also includes protein C and protein S.

这一过程从血蛋白开始，它位于血管的皮细胞中，与凝血酶形成一个复合物，其同时也包含蛋白CS。