In 2014 he celebrated the 150th anniversary of the abolition of Poland's feudal system by erecting a rainbow-coloured triumphal arch outside a neighbour's home.
In Paris, French Horse Guards paraded at the Champs Elysees to the Arc de Triomphe, where President Emmanuel Macron led events attended by wartime veterans.
The Eiffel Tower and the river boats, not far from there the Sacre-Coeur, the Arc de Triomphe, the Louvre Museum all closed, not to mention restaurants and cafes.
The Arc de Triomphe, built by Napoleon, rises from the centre of Place Charles de Gaulle and offers commanding views of the 12 grand avenues, which radiate outwards like a star.