So, the utilitarian position is in the middle.

因此功利主义的立场是中立的。

Because you would know being a good utilitarian that taking some, a small amount, he'd scarcely going to notice it, but it will make a huge improvement in the lives and in the welfare of those at the bottom.

因为作为一个优秀的功利主义，道收走一些对他们说根本无关痛痒的钱，却能大大改善社底层那些人的生活，增加他们的福利。

It's a huge twenty-story office building, all curved glass and steel, an architect's utilitarian fantasy, with Grey House written discreetly in steel over the glass front doors.

这是一个庞大的二十层钢架构建筑，由完全弯曲的钢铁和玻璃组成，体现出建筑师们的功利和幻想。“格林宅”工整地写在前面的玻璃门上。

When women take a more instrumental approach (" This is what I want and deserve" ), people react far more negatively.

而当女性采用一较为功利的态度时（" 这就是我想要的，也是我应得的" ），人们比较反感。

Now, today, I want to see whether you agree or disagree with it, and it often goes, this utilitarian logic, under the name of cost-benefit analysis, which is used by companies and by governments all the time.

今天我想听听们是否赞同这点，功利主义的逻辑通常被称作成本效益分析，企业和政府一直在使用。

A self-interested utilitarian focus on trade alone is unlikely to bring positive change for either society.

以自我利益为主，单单注重贸易的功利主义不可能给任何社积极的改变。

Does it mean that we're back to utilitarianism and using people and aggregating preferences and pushing the fat man off the bridge?

那是否意味着我们又回到了功利主义的老路上，利用他人，还简单加总偏好，把那个胖子从桥上推下去？

Last time, we began to consider Bentham's version of utilitarianism.

上节课，我们开始思考边沁的功利主义。

So here are the objections to Bentham's utilitarianism.

以上就是对边沁功利主义的异议。

Strong theories of rights say individuals matter not just as instruments to be used for a larger social purpose or for the sake of maximizing utility, individuals are separate beings with separate lives worthy of respect.

这些强有力的权利理论认为，个人很重要，不仅仅是用实现更高社目标的工具，或为了实现功利最大化的工具，个人是独立的个体，是值得尊重的。

" Utilitarianism makes the mistake" , Rawls writes, " of forgetting, or at least not taking seriously, the distinction between persons."

罗尔斯写道， “功利主义的错误在于，其忘记了，至少没有认真地考虑到，人与人之间是不一样的。”

He was drab, unlovely, smaller than his smartly decorated partner, and with the compact and thoroughly utilitarian body which characterizes an age-old serving class, from insects to men.

他单调乏味， 不讨人喜欢， 比他装饰华丽的伙伴要小， 而且有着从昆虫到人类的古老服务阶层的紧凑而彻底功利的身体。

My personal style is absolutely completely utilitarian.

我个人的风格绝对是完全功利主义的。

It motivates the concept of rights which are usually considered immune birth to utilitarian calculus.

它激发了权利的概念，这些权利通常被认为是免受功利计算的影响。

And that's if you're only going utilitarian.

这还是在仅从功利角度出发的情况下。

It's a very sort of a transactional deal.

这是一笔非常功利的交易。

I mean, cynically, you would call it a money grab.

我的意思是，从功利的角度看，称之为一场捞钱的行为。

Friendships would still exist, but utilitarian friendship would rise in importance.

友谊依然存在，但功利性友谊的重要性将上升。

So you've got psychopaths and Buddhist monks, both giving the utilitarian judgment.

所以既有反社人格，又有佛教僧人，他们都给出了功利主义的判断。

They do something important for us, that is, pollinate our crops, and they generate color in the otherwise green world, terrestrial world, pollinating flowers in our gardens and in nature and so on, but that's an argument from utility.

它们为我们做了重要的事情，即给我们的庄稼授粉， 并在原本绿色的陆地世界中增添了色彩，无论是我们花园中的花朵还是自然界中的花卉， 都因它们的授粉而绚丽多彩。不过，这其实是一功利主义的论点， 即它们为我们提供了某有用的服务， 因此我们应该保护它们。