This is a simple sugar, or monosaccharide.

这是一种结构简单，叫单。

And second that these sugars impact a good bacterium even though nutrition is not involved.

其二，这些单对有益细菌产生了影响，尽管其没有为细菌提供养分。”

Now, there is no simple sugar in coffee.

咖啡里没有单。

Glucose is the most important member of the sugar family and it's a monosaccharide.

葡萄是类大家族中最重要一员，它是一种单。

Therefore, it actually burns some calories and doesn't absorb all those simple sugars as rapidly.

因此，它实际上会燃烧掉一些卡路里，并没有迅速吸所有单。

These include glucose, fructose, and galactose.

单种类有葡萄、果和半乳。

Fermentable, Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides, And Polyols.

可发酵寡聚，双，单和多元醇碳水化合物。

Finally, there's the monosaccharide, galactose, known as milk sugar.

最后还有一种单叫半乳，常与乳相提并论。

Now, researchers have figured out how simple sugars wipe out a particular strain of beneficial gut microbes.

现在，研究人员已经知道单消灭肠道内一种特殊微生物。

Starches don't taste sweet like simple sugars because they don't activate taste buds in the same way.

淀粉尝起来没有单甜味，因为它们激活味蕾不同。

And if you're gonna go for a snack, the main thing here is don't just reach for simple sugars.

如果要吃点心话，主要问题是不要摄入单。

In order for your body to digest lactos, it has to break the bond between these two simple sugars.

为了让你身体消化乳，它必须打破这两种单之间连接。

So simple sugars, whether they're natural or added, are mixtures of monosaccharides or disaccharides.

前述简单类，不管是天然还是添加，都是单与双混合物。

Another monosaccharide is fructose which is commonly found in honey, fruits, and root vegetables.

另有一种单称为果，通常存在于蜂蜜、水果和根类蔬菜里。

Mono- and disaccharides come from fruits, honey, sugar beets and sugar cane, while polysaccharide starches come from veggies and grains.

单和双来自水果、蜂蜜、甜菜和甘蔗，而多淀粉来自蔬菜和谷物。

These are maltase, sucrase, and lactase, which break down the short chains of sugars called oligosaccharides into simple sugars, called monosaccharides.

它们包括麦芽酶、蔗酶与乳酶；它们能将称为寡短链聚合分解成简单类，称单。

If you consistently eat way more than necessary, and most calories are simple carbs, then these will be converted to fat.

如果你不断地吃这些东西，超过了所需量，大部分能量都由单提供，那么这些单最后会被转化为脂肪。

Complex carbohydrates, on the other hand, have three or more simple sugars strung together.

另一面，复合碳水化合物由三个更多单连接而成。

Instead, the sugars serve as signals that shut down production of a protein that beneficial Bacteroides need to colonize the intestine.

相反，单作为信号，抑制了有益拟杆菌在肠道内生存所需蛋白质产生。

When energy is needed - all three monosaccharides are metabolized through glycolysis, then the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.

当机体需要能量时，三种单就会通过酵解、三羧酸循环、氧化磷酸化进行能量代谢。