The research, building contexts and sources, but we're not trained for it.

研究，建立背景和原始资料，但我们没有受过这方面训练。

Collecting raw material, that is reading books and taking notes, is very much like the process of brainstorming at the prewriting stage of an ordinary essay.

收集原始资料，即读书和记笔记，就像普通文章写作之前，进行头脑风暴过程。

Academic purists may balk at what they perceive as a chatty " history-lite" approach, but Ms Burke draws all her conclusions from primary sources (many of which she translated from the Italian herself).

学术纯粹主义者可能会认这一本漫谈式“轻历史”书，但伯克书中所有结论都来自原始资料(其中许多她自己从意大利语翻译而来)。

There's a common misconception that source material is just there to confirm what we've already said, or just for us to tear down.

有一种常见误解，认原始资料只了证实我们已经说过话，或者只了让我们推翻它。

So I applaud the fact that you are checking the primary sources.

因此，我赞赏查阅原始资料做法。

I'm not saying your own, but lots of people don't actually read the original sources.

我不说自己，但很多人实际上并没有阅读原始资料。

And you'll see it, for example, in the primary sources in the United States later.

将在后来美国原始资料中看到这一点。

Are there any primary sources that recount his early life and career?

有哪些原始资料记载了他早年活和职业涯？

No one had gone into the source materials to investigate it further.

没有人深入原始资料进行进一步调查。

We can only guess at their source material.

我们只能猜测他们原始资料。

So it's really hard to execute them without that primary source.

所以如果没有原始资料，执行起来真很难。

That's one word they mention here, your primary sources, your secondary sources.

这里他们提到一个词，就原始资料，二手资料。

Which is why we dove into this really groundbreaking source material today.

这就什么今天我们深入探讨了这份极具开创性原始资料。

As we will see later, it is this lack of source material that has  led to speculation for the last four centuries, that Shakespeare did not write all of the  plays which are usually attributed to him.

正如我们稍后将看到， 正这种缺乏原始资料情况， 导致了过去四个世纪以来人们猜测，莎士比亚并非所有通常归于他名下戏剧真正作者。

Hi, I just wanted to ask if you're lucky enough to have original source material from any of your subjects, diaries, letters, even books, how do you balance their own voice with a fictional interpretation of it?

好，我想请教， 如果有幸获得了研究对象原始资料，比如日记、信件甚至书籍， 如何在这些资料原始声音与对其进行小说化诠释之间取得平衡呢？

Ms Quinn's 100-plus pages of footnotes reveal that she relied not only on a wide range of primary sources, but also on scientific studies on climate change and very recent archaeological research.

奎因女士长达100多页脚注显示， 她不仅依赖广泛原始资料，还依赖气候变化科学研究和最近考古研究。

But I'm still, I'm personally more interested in what happened before all of that, and what the native sources were, to try and back engineer them back as far as we can.

但我个人仍然更感兴趣在那之前发了什么，以及本地原始资料什么， 我们尽可能地尝试追溯它们源头。

And the most influential way is not to beg or to control them or to tell them they have to, it's to give them the same source material that you have.

最有影响力方法不乞求或控制他们或告诉他们他们必须这样做，而给他们与您拥有相同原始资料。

A magical sword called Caledfwlch and a Roman fortress called Caerleon appeared in his source material, so Geoffrey’s Arthur ruled from Caerleon and wielded Caliburnus, the Latin translation of Caledfwlch.

一把名 Caledfwlch 魔法剑和一座名 Caerleon 罗马堡垒出现在他原始资料中，因此 Geoffrey 亚瑟从 Caerleon 统治并使用 Caliburnus，Caledfwlch 拉丁翻译。

That one, I will not read out even in the case of it being in a primary source, as that terminology is based completely in derision and hatred.

那个词， 即便在原始资料中出现， 我也不会读出来，因那种术语完全建立在嘲讽和仇恨之上。