Your adrenal gland releases the stress hormones cortisol, epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, and norepinephrine.

你的肾上腺会释放压力荷尔蒙皮质醇，肾上腺素，以及去甲肾上腺素。

Tyrosine is needed to synthesize dopamine and norepinephrine, and tryptophan is needed to synthesize the neurotransmitter serotonin.

酪氨酸是合成多巴、去甲肾上腺素所必须的；色氨酸是合成神经递质血清素所必须的。

Interestingly, one of the most effective antipsychotic drugs, clozapine, is a weak D2 antagonist, suggesting that other neurotransmitter systems like norepinephrine, serotonin, and GABA are involved.

有趣的是，最有效的抗精神病药之一，氯氮平，是一种弱D2受体拮抗剂；这提示其它神经递质系统，比如去甲肾上腺素、5-羟色、γ-氨基丁酸也与疾病有关。

Norepinephrine amplifies signals related to attention and motivation, and dopamine is highly involved in learning, movement, and operating the brain's reward center.

去甲肾上腺素会放大与注意力和动机相关的信号，多巴度参与学、运动和大中枢的运作。

He explains that the neurotransmitter dopamine is converted into the neurotransmitter norepinephrine by an enzyme called dopamine beta-hydroxylase, and that blood type O people have higher levels of DBH, so they are prone to anxiety from increased levels of norepinephrine.

他解释神经递质多巴通过一种叫做多巴-ß-羟化酶的酶转化成神经递质去甲肾上腺素，O 型血的人有水平的DBH（多巴-ß-羟化酶），所以他们容易因去甲肾上腺素的增加而焦虑。

When you fall asleep though, your norepinephrine levels drop.

当你入睡时，去甲肾上腺素水平会下降。

It will immediately increase noradrenaline in the body to activate our fight and flight system.

它会立即增加体内的去甲肾上腺素，以激活我们的战斗和逃跑系统。

Early romantic love and attraction, what you might call passion, is all about flooding the brain's reward systems in a tsunami of feel-good chemicals like adrenaline, norepinephrine, and dopamine.

早期的浪漫爱情和相互吸引，或者是你称为热情的东西，就是给中的感官系统带来了一场充满愉悦感的海啸，肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素和多巴等物质涌入中。

Cocaine increases the release of certain neurotransmitters, but it's biggest effect is blocking reuptake receptors on presynaptic axon terminals, and both actions keep neurotransmitters like dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin in the synapse longer and increases their effects.

可卡因促进一些特定神经递质的释放，但它最大的作用是阻止突触前神经元终端受体的“再摄取”；两种作用都能使得神经递质，如多巴、去甲肾上腺素与5-HT，在突触间隙存留时间延长，从而加强他们的作用。

On the smooth muscle cells controlling some blood vessels, there are receptors called alpha receptors — when norepinephrine, or epinephrine, bind to those receptors, they make those smooth muscle cells contract, thereby restricting blood flow.

在控制一些血管的平滑肌细胞上，有一种叫做α受体的受体——当去甲肾上腺素或肾上腺素与这些受体结合时，它们使这些平滑肌细胞收缩，从而限制血液流动。

Diagnosis of neuroblastoma usually starts with testing for HMA and VMA in the blood or urine, since high levels those metabolites may indicate tumors that secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine.

对于神经母细胞瘤的诊断，通常先检测血或尿中的HMA和VMA，这是因为代谢产物含量可提示肿瘤在释放肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素。

As a result, dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin levels in the brain begin to fall, leading to abnormal brain development and intellectual disability.

如此一来，中多巴、去甲肾上腺素和血清素的水平开始下降，从而导致大发育异常和智力障碍。

First, it optimizes the levels of neurotransmitters like serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine.

首先，它能优化神经递质水平，如血清素、去甲肾上腺素和多巴。

Adderall also causes the release of norepinephrine, which activates the sympathetic nervous system, initiating your fight-or-flight response.

Adderall 还会导致去甲肾上腺素的释放，从而激活交感神经系统，引发你的“战或逃”反应。

Higher levels of norepinephrine also apparently causes a tendency towards anger and aggression.

水平的去甲肾上腺素能显著导致愤怒和攻击的倾向。

Noradrenaline levels can increase within a day of ceasing opioid use.

去甲肾上腺素水平能在停止服用阿片类药物的一天之内增加。

This is why a brain on intense new love looks a whole lot like a brain on coke — adrenaline and norepinephrine amp up your heart rate and get you all restless, while those dopamine drips leave you feeling euphoric.

这就是刚陷入爱情的袋为什么看起来吸了毒一样的原因，肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素使得你心跳加速、焦躁不安，同时多巴又使得你感到愉悦。

So, the preganglionic fiber releases ACh, and the postganglionic releases norepinephrine.

所以节前神经纤维释放 ACh，节后神经纤维释放去甲肾上腺素。

Noradrenaline acts on what's called brown fat, a type of fat tissue that keeps you warm by breaking down glucose and fat molecules in the body.

去甲肾上腺素作用于所谓的棕色脂肪，这是一种脂肪组织，通过分解体内的葡萄糖和脂肪分子来保暖。

And unfortunately, these dreams can be especially memorable, because you often realize you're having a nightmare and wake up, which gives you that burst of norepinephrine that helps solidify your memories.

不幸的是，这些梦可能会特别令人难忘，因为你经常意识到自己在做噩梦然后醒来，这会给你一种帮助巩固记忆的去甲肾上腺素。