The stars are known as Cepheid variables.

这些恒星就是我熟知的造父变星。

Skowron explained that Cepheids are giant stars that are far brighter than the sun.

斯考伦解释说，造父变星是比太阳明亮得多的超巨星。

There are more than a thousand known cataclysmic variables.

已知的激变变星超过一千种。

Only 12 or so have orbital periods below 75 minutes.

只有12种左右的激变变星拥有低于75分钟的轨道周期。

The system belongs to a kind of binary star known as cataclysmic variable.

该系统属于一种被称为激变变星的双星。

And... And right in the middle, there's a variable star that I discovered.

而… … 而在正中央有一颗我所发现的变星。

They observed variable stars in the Andromeda Galaxy that allowed them to get the distance to the galaxy.

他观测了仙女座星系中的变星，这使得他到达星系的距离。

And it was, in fact, a variable star.

事实上，它是一颗变星。

And since there were pulsating Cepheid stars whose actual distances we already knew, this let us build a cosmic measuring stick.

既然我已经知道这些有规律脉动的造父变星的实际距离，这就给我造出一把宇宙测量尺。

" Var" here stands for " variable." Hubble had found a variable star in the Andromeda Nebula.

“Var”在这里代表“变星”。哈勃望远镜在仙女座星云中发现了一颗变星。

Cepheids are quite rare, but at least one of them is well known to us—Polaris, the pole-star, is a Cepheid.

造父变星非常罕见, 但至少其中一颗是我所熟知的 - - 极星北极星就是造父变星。

Now if two Cepheid stars are pulsating at the same rate, and one's dimmer than the other, that means one is actually farther away.

如果两个造父变星以相同的速率脉动，并且其中一个比另一个更加暗淡，这就意味着更暗的那个更远。

I observe from seven or eight till about two in the morning, with a view to my great work on variable stars.

我从七八点观察到凌晨两点左右， 以期完成我在变星方面的伟大工作。

If two Cepheid stars are pulsating at the same rate, and one's dimmer than the other, that means one is actually farther away.

如果两颗造父变星以相同的速率脉动，并且一颗比另一颗暗， 这意味着一颗实际上距离更远。

It was the review of a pamphlet by an American astronomer, in which the author announced a conclusive discovery with regard to variable stars.

那是一位美国天文学家对一本小册子的评论，作者在书中宣布了关于变星的一个结论性发现。

Actual variable stars do exist, but Tabby's Star doesn't fit that profile, it's what's known as an F-type main-sequence star, and shouldn't behave anything like this.

实际的变星确实存在， 但 Tabby's Star 不符合这种情况，它是所谓的 F 型主序星， 不应该有这样的行为。

She noticed that a type of star known as a Cepheid variable (after the constellation Cepheus, where it first was identified) pulsated with a regular rhythm-a kind of stellar heartbeat.

她注意到，有一种名叫造父变星（以仙王星座命名，第一颗造父变星就是在那里发现的）的恒星在有节奏地搏动——一种星体的“心跳”。

In the early 1900s, astronomer Henrietta Swan Leavitt realized a class of stars called Cepheids pulsate, bright and dim, and every Cepheid that pulsates at the same rate has the same brightness.

1900 年代早期，天文学家 Henrietta Swan Leavitt 发现一系列名为造父变星，它有规律地变亮和变暗，并且每个造父变星以相同的速率脉动就会有着相同的亮度。

'I have made an amazing discovery in connexion with the variable stars, ' he exclaimed. 'It will excite the whole astronomical world, and the world outside but little less.

“我在变星方面有了惊人的发现，”他惊呼道。 “它会激发整个天文界的兴奋，而外面的世界却不会那么兴奋。”

These are called Cepheid variables, and they were critically important, because it was known that the time it took them to pulse was directly related to their luminosity, how much energy they emitted.

这些被称为造父变星，它非常重要，因为我知道它产生脉冲的时间与它的光度直接相关，也就是它释放的量。