Imagine programmable plants that fix nitrogen more effectively or resist emerging fungal pathogens, or even programming crops to be perennial rather than annual so you could double your crop yields each year.

能够更有效，或可以抵御新型真菌病原体，甚至能够将农作物编程为多年生而非一年生，从而使你的年产量翻倍。

They found that it's packed with nitrogen-fixing bacteria usually found in the soil.

他们发现它充满了通常在土壤中发现的细菌。

Rhizobia is a nitrogen-fixing bacteria up to 3 micrometers long and without it, that sort of agricultural production is impossible.

根瘤菌是一种长达3微米的菌，没有它，不可能实现这种农业生产规模的。

Sputnik Planitia is mainly composed of slowly churning frozen nitrogen, and we've never seen anything like it in our solar system.

史波尼克高原主要由缓慢搅动的组成，我们从来没有在太系中见过类似的事物。

An earlier arrival for nitrogenase also may mean that the enzyme evolves more easily than was previously believed.

酶存在时间的提前也可能揭示酶的发展比科学家早些推测的更为简单。

Van Deynze says early plant breeders may have inadvertently got rid of corn's nitrogen-fixing proficiency long ago.

范·德恩兹表示，早期植物育种家可能很早之前就在无意中去除了玉米的能力。

Hopefully in my lifetime, nitrogen-fixing maize commercially available around the world.

希望在我有生之年，玉米可以在全世界买到。

But most of the biosphere's usable nitrogen is the result of bacteria employing an enzyme called nitrogenase to pull nitrogen out of the air.

但生物圈中的大部分可是细菌利一种名为酶的酶气从空气中分离出来的。

So the future for nitrogen-fixing cereal crops is looking bright.

因此，谷类作物的前景一片光明。

But researchers at the University of Washington now have evidence for the existence of nitrogenase in bacteria going back some 3.2 billion years.

但华盛顿大学研究人员的证据表明早在约32亿年前酶就存在于细菌中。

So now the scenario is nitrogen-fixing maize, nitrogen-fixing rice.

所以现在的情况是玉米，水稻。

Based on genetic evidence, scientists have thought that nitrogenase first evolved around 2 billion years ago.

科学家们基于基因遗传证据认为约20亿年前酶就已经完成了第一次化。

" Traditional crop breeding is much too slow and expensive to enable all the beautiful things that synthetic biologists have said we'll do: nitrogen fixation, sustainable forestry, food-as-medicine, carbon capture, " says Dr Zamft.

“传统作物育种速度太慢，成本太高，无法实现合成生物学家所说的所有美好事物：、可持续林业、食品即药物、碳捕获，”扎姆夫特博士说。

This is a set of proteins that are expressed on the cells on the surface of that soybean root, that allow the soybean plant to recognize the nitrogen-fixing bacteria out in the soil.

这是一组在黄豆根细胞表面表达的蛋白质，它们使黄豆植物能够识别土壤中的细菌。

It's the story—and this is one we've actually done on the show before—of the nitrogen-fixing process that can give you fertilizer to feed billions or, you know, gunpowder and explosives.

这是一个关于过程的故事，这也是我们之前在节目中实际讲过的故事，它可以为数十亿人提供肥料，或者，你知道，火药和炸药。

Crawford also experimented with different fertilizing and nitrogen fixing agents, but his major innovative efforts were devoted to the introduction of new seeds, grasses, vines, and fruits.

克劳福德还试验了不同的肥料和剂，但他的主要创新努力集中在引入新的种子、草种、藤本植物和水果上。

Jean-Michel Annet of the University of Wisconsin-Madison, who is, inter alia, a scientific advisor to Pivot, has two other nitrogen-fixing ideas up his sleeve.

威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校的Jean-Michel Annet， 除了担任Pivot的科学顾问外，还藏有两项其他妙计。

Rhizobia is a nitrogen-fixing bacteria up  to 3 micrometers long and without it, that sort of agricultural production is impossible.

根瘤菌是一种细菌， 长达3微米， 没有它，这种农业产量是不可能实现的。

Cowpea is actually a nitrogen-fixing crop related to soybean, and it produces, like soybean, a protein-rich seed.

豇豆实为一种与大豆相关的作物，其种子富含蛋白质，与大豆相似。

Another firm, Pivot Bio of Berkeley, California, is concentrating on nitrogen fixation.

另一家位于加州伯克利的公司Pivot Bio则专注于技术。