In 408 BC, the cities united to form one territory, with a unified capital, Rhodes.

在公元前408年，这三个城联合成了一个区域，并有统一首都: 罗德。

Today she'll be shadowed by officials from the city's governing council.

今天，城理事会会考察她工作。

Hundreds of years ago, city-states were common in Europe.

几百年以前城在欧洲是很普遍。

So what were these city states like?

这些城国家是怎样呢？

Both conventions and local laws in the city-states could vary widely.

他们到过各个城中，无论传统规范或地方法律可能都各不相同。

By doing this, they paved the way for social criticism in the city-state of Athens.

就这样，他们播下了雅典城内社会批评种子。

And of course, given its geography, it's surrounded by agricultural states.

当然，还要考虑新德里地理情况，这座城市被农业城所环绕。

And how can it sum up, in itself, a view of the Athenian state?

我们又如何从中了解当时雅典城呢？

The defence of the rationally ordered state will cost some of its citizens their lives.

为保卫理性规范城，有公民会献出自命。

The tradition of these decentralized city-states that were the heart of the Renaissance.

这些城国家自治传统确实是文艺复兴核心所在。

Recall that Italy itself was, until 1861, not a unified nation but an aggregation of city-states.

回想一下，在1861年前，意大利还不是一个统一国家，而是由城组成结合体。

So slavery is necessary for the life of the polis for there to be open to citizens.

因此，为了让公民有机会过上城活，奴隶制是必要。

One of these chests will save your city and the rest will lead to its certain doom.

它们其中一只会拯救你城，而其余则无力回天。

It's actually a walled-in city-state within Rome Italy, though it's only 0. 17 square miles in size.

它实际上是一个位于意大利罗马墙内城国家，尽管面积只有0.17平方英里。

As with many ancient civilisations, no one really knows the exact date when the city-state of Sparta was founded.

与许多古代文明一样，没有人真正知道斯巴达城建立确切日期。

Cities like Delft were unsupervised by kings or bishops, so many artists like Vermeer were left without traditional patrons.

由於像台夫特市城 不是由国王或主教管辖，许多像维梅尔一样艺术家 失去了贵族支持。

But why is it necessary to live in a good city in order to live a virtuous life?

但为什么要想过上有德行活，就需要活在一个美好城呢？

By 1325, border skirmishes between the two rival city-states were getting more intense.

到 1325 年，这两个敌对城之间边境冲突越来越激烈。

Tough, focused, willing to put the collective, that is the Roman city-state, ahead of their individual preferences.

坚韧，专注，愿意把集体，也就是，罗马城国利益，放在个人利益之前。

You knew, if you were one of Athens' subjects, that this was a statement of your own subordination.

如果你是雅典附属城之一，它就是你屈从标志。