Most cells have proto-oncogenes that help them grow.

大多数细胞有帮助它们增生原始致癌基因。

The formation on the wrist is not arthritic.

他手腕上增生不是关节炎。

Whatever the irritants are, their effect is to stimulate hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the mucinous glands in the main bronchi, as well as the goblet cells in the smaller airways - the bronchioles, which increases mucus production in both locations.

无论哪种刺激，都会激发主支气管黏液腺以及小气道杯状细胞肥大增生，使得肺各个部位黏液产生增加。

Nasal Polyp are fleshy swellings that develop in the lining mucosa of the nose and paranasal sinuses, air-filled spaces, linked to the nasal cavity.

鼻息肉是在与鼻腔相连鼻腔和鼻窦（充满空气间）壁黏膜中增生肉质肿胀。

And as cells become more and more dysplastic the lesions sometimes develop red spots, and at that point it's called erythroleukoplakia.

随着细胞异型增生程度越来越高，这些病损（白斑）上可出现红色点，此时我们把它称作红白班。

Finally any growths within the spinal canal like tumors, cysts, or abscesses can cause compression on the spinal cord and nerves.

最后是椎管任何增生：如肿瘤、囊肿或脓肿，也可导致压迫脊。

In some species, these bizarre outgrowth can account for almost 17 percent of the insect's body weight.

其中有些种类增生出来这部分能占到昆虫体重百分之十七。

Later, realizing that the suggestion had been a poor one, and moreover one of which he was not certain, he amended the statement, adding that such a formation could also be the result of injury or simple irritation to the joint.

后来，他意识到这样推断不恰当，更何况他对此并没有把握，于是改口补充说，这样增生也可能是关节受伤或者仅仅是关节不适结果。

Normally, this ratio should be less than 40%, but it can be over 40% for people with chronic bronchitis, because of the hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the glands.

一般情况下应少于40%，对于慢支患者来说，由于黏液腺肥大增生，该数值会大于40%。

It's a normal hyperplastic response, meaning the epithelial cells in the area divide more than usual and build up a protective layer of keratin.

这是一种正常增生反应，与通常情况下相比，该部位分裂出了更多上皮细胞，以构筑起一个角质保护层。

If the biopsy shows normal intestinal cells under the microscope, and there are signs of inflammation, this is called non-dysplastic Barrett's, and the risk of developing esophageal cancer is very low.

在显微镜下，活检如果显示是正常小肠细胞，并且有炎症征象，这就是非异型增生Barrett食管，而患食管癌风险很低。

In case of dysplasia there's options like surgery, endoscopic resection, or laser treatments.

在异型增生情况下，可以选择手术、镜下切除或激光治疗。

Erythroplakias are more serious than leukoplakia because almost always when they are removed and examined under the microscope they will show severe dysplasia, or early cancer.

黏膜红斑要比黏膜白斑严重得多，因为在显微镜下观察这些组织时，它们几乎都表现出了明显异型增生，或癌变早期征象。

Leukoplakia is a precancerous white lesion, but more serious lesions include the red-colored erythroplakia which almost always contain severe dysplasia or early cancer.

口腔黏膜白斑是一种白色癌前病变，但更严重病变包括红色口腔黏膜红斑，其几乎总有严重异型增生或早期癌变。

Generally speaking, the transition from dysplastic cells to malignant cells occurs gradually.

一般来说，异型增生细胞变成癌细胞过程是渐进性。

That's when your prostate grows and it's difficult to urinate.

那是前列腺增生时候，排尿会变得困难。

The leading anatomist at the time declared that it was probably some kind of abnormal growth -- (Laughter) and that any woman who had one was probably a hermaphrodite.

当时主要解剖学家宣称，这可能是某种异常增生——（笑声）并认为任何拥有这种器官女性很可能都是雌雄同体。

I think it's especially nice to hear that there's not an increased risk of breast cancer for most of our patients that have fibrocystic breast findings, so that's helpful.

我认为特别值得欣慰是， 大多数患有乳腺囊性增生症患者并不会因此增加罹患乳腺癌风险，这一点非常有帮助。

Your fingers. They show signs of clubbing, which indicate a health problem.

您指骨周围有增生性病变迹象, 您心脏可能出现了问题.

In January he revealed he needed to go into hospital for a procedure for an enlarged prostate.

一月份他透露自己需要入院进行前列腺增生手术。