They're very old, evolutionarily speaking, and likely resemble some of our first multicellular ancestors.

从进化角度看，它们非常古老，很可能与我们最早胞祖先相似。

This is the central problem that all multicellular creatures have to solve.

这是所有胞生物必须解决核心问题。

These then leave the host cell and mature, ultimately seeking more T-cells.

病毒接着离开宿主并且发育成熟，最终寻找T胞。

A younger organism would naturally release more cytokines than and elderly one.

年轻有机体自然会比年老有机体释放胞因子。

Eventually those cells-turned-virus-making-factories die, which actually ends up releasing more viruses to infect more cells.

最终那些加工病毒胞工厂死亡，释放出病毒胞。

It’s teacher Rishi Rawat is feeding the computer more samples of cancer cells.

Rishi Rawat老师正在给计算机提供癌胞样品。

So loose connective tissues have fewer fibers, and more cells and more ground substance.

所以疏松结缔组织有少纤维，胞和基质。

And they can do it because they're multicellular, which is a rarity in the microbial world.

它们之所以能够做到这一点，是因为它们是胞，这在微生物世界中很少见。

Without these elements, plants can't make more cells or even function with the cells they have.

离开了这些元素，植物便无法产生胞，甚至无法发挥现有胞功能。

More cells equals more cell divisions.

胞等于胞分裂。

And more cell divisions means more chances of mutations that could let a cell become cancerous.

胞分裂意味着可能导致胞癌变突变。

Early multicellular life depended on the water in which it lived to support their skeleton-less bodies.

早期胞生命依赖于它生活水支撑它们无骨架身体。

But if you, say, get tossed off a moving motorcycle, you'll lose a lot more layers.

但是如果你从摩托车上摔下，你会脱落胞层。

Several years ago, Albani and his team discovered it held the oldest fossils know of multicellular animals.

几年前，阿尔巴尼和他研究小组发现这里保存着已知最古老胞动物化石。

Last year Shinya Yamanaka of Kyoto University won a Nobel prize for the invention of induced pluripotency.

日本京都大学（Kyoto University）山中伸弥（Shinya Yamanaka）由于成功诱导胞能性而于去年荣获诺贝尔奖。

As more and more skin cells are made in the matrix, the older cells are pushed out.

随着基质中产生越越皮肤胞，旧胞被排出。

The tentacled Archaean uses proteins common to multicellular organisms and might lend insight into how the latter evolved.

这种有触角太古代微生物使用胞生物共有蛋白质，这可能有助于我们了解后者进化方式。

IL-5, on the other hand, activates eosinophils which promote an immune response by releasing more cytokines and leukotrienes.

另一方面，IL-5激活嗜酸性粒胞，通过释放胞因子和白三烯促进免疫反应。

If the T cell gets activated, it kicks into action, producing cytokines which helps to get other immune cells involved.

T胞在被激活后，开始合成分泌胞因子，进而调动其他免疫胞。

More cells survived, so the brain decayed less.

胞存活下，因此大脑退化程度减少了。