At the center of an atom is its nucleus which has a positive electric charge.

的心是它的，它带有正电荷。

A helium nucleus is a tiny bit lighter than the combined mass of the 4 protons it is made from.

氦虽然由四个质形成但重量却比四个质轻一点。

And the nucleus is incredibly tiny compared tothe overall size of the atom.

尽管与整个相比，小得不可思议。

Unlike the graceful motion of planets, the atomic nuclei are chaotic blurs.

和优雅地移动的行星不同，是很混乱的。

In fusion, light nuclei merge — or " fuse" — to form one heavier nucleus.

在聚变过程，轻的合并——或者“聚变”——形成一个较重的。

To get some answers, physicists look at neutrinos, fundamental particles emitted during nuclear reactions.

为了得到案，物理学家瞄向了——在反应射出的基础粒。

Every element has a specific number of electrons surrounding the nucleus.

每一种元素的周围都有一定数量的电。

Electrons orbiting the nucleus have a negative charge.

围绕运行的电带负电荷。

Around 90% are protons, 9% are helium nuclei, and 1% are heavier nuclei.

约 90% 是质， 9% 是氦， 1% 是较重的。

It's not in a nucleus at all.

它根本不在里。

Outside the nucleus are electrons which have a negative charge.

外面是带负电荷的电。

This is where J.J. Thomson discovered the electron, and where Rutherford split the atom.

汤普森在这发现了电，卢瑟福在这分裂出了。

As the fireball cools, unstable atoms created by the nuclear fission mix with the debris to produce the most dangerous long-term effect of a nuclear detonation: radioactive particles called fallout.

当火球温度降下来后，由分裂出来的不稳定的与爆炸产生的碎片混合在一起，产生了爆更危险的长期的影响：放射性粒，也就是沉降物。

So, quantum physics deals with the foundation of our world, the electrons in an atom, the protons inside the nucleus, the quarks that build those protons, and the photons that we perceive as light.

所以，量物理研究的是我们世界的基础，的电、内的质、构建这些质的夸克、以及我们认为是光的光。

The structures of the electron shells surrounding the nuclei of their atoms are complicated, meaning they are chemically versatile. This is what makes them good catalysts.

它们周围的电壳层的结构很复杂，这意味着它们具有多种化学用途。这就是它们成为良好催化剂的因。

This is actually a pretty complicated process with lots of steps, but in the end four protons plus some other ingredients get turned into one helium nucleus.

这实际上是一个非常复杂的过程，有很多步骤，但最终就是四个质加上一些其他成分变成了一个氦。

There was also the problem of how protons with their positive charges could bundle together inside the nucleus without blowing themselves and the rest of the atom apart.

还有一个问题，带正电荷的质怎么能一起待在里面，而又不把自己及的其他部分炸得粉碎。

So imagine a giant sphere centred on the atomic nucleus stretching out all the way to that rock and beyond, with just a few points of dust in it.

想象一下，一个巨大的球形，以为心一直能延伸到那座小山其只有几颗尘土。

Just this very capability of actually being able to observe these motions which are really the fastest outside the atomic core that occur in nature.

正是这种能够观察到这些运动的能力，这些运动是自然界心之外最快的运动。

In a fusion reaction, the centers of two atoms fuse, or join together, to form a new atom with a heavier nucleus, or center.

在聚变反应，两个的心融合或结合在一起，形成一个或心更重的新。