And a few philosophers and mystics might argue that even our own universe is an illusion.

有少部分哲学家和神学家会说即便我们宇宙也是幻觉，不真实存在。

When we really get this mysterious philosophy, it may change our view on the universe forever.

当我们真正理解这个神秘哲学思想时，它可能会永远地改变我们对宇宙看法。

These three Milesian philosophers all believed in the existence of a single basic substance as the source of all things.

这三位米雷特斯哲学家，宇宙间有一种基本物质是所有事物源头。

Other philosophers before him had tried to show that the primordial substance had to be either water, air, or fire.

在他之前有些哲学家也曾经试图证明宇宙基本元素不是水，就是空气或火。

The question of the origins of life and its ubiquity around the universe is central to science, religion, and philosophy.

生命起源及其在宇宙中普遍存在是科学、宗教和哲学关注核心问题。

In other words, the works of these ancient Greek philosophers, astronomers and mathematicians have directly informed our modern understanding of the universe.

换句话说，这些古希腊哲学家、天文学家和数学家著作直接影响了我们现代对宇宙理解。

Aristotle was an ancient Greek philosopher in the mid 300s BC, and here's the universe according to him.

亚里士多德是公元前300年代中期古希腊哲学家, 根据他说法, 这就是宇宙。

For our philosophy sees no longer a supreme sanction, and no longer hears a harmony of the universe.

为我们哲学不再看到至高无上制裁，也不再听到宇宙和谐。

At the root of Taoist philosophy lies the idea of an all-encompassing force called Tao, from which all elements of the universe derive.

道家哲学根源在于一种被称为道包罗万象力量，宇宙所有元素来自这种力量。

As C. S. Lewis stated: Friendship is unnecessary, like philosophy, like art, like the universe itself (for God did not need to create) .

友谊是不必要，就像哲学、艺术、宇宙本身一样（为上帝不需要创造）。

The central feature of Spinoza's philosophy is its pantheism: the universe and everything in it is part of God.

斯宾诺莎哲学核心特征是它泛神论：宇宙和其中一切是上帝一部分。

But what we do know enables us to establish that the earliest Greek philosophers' project concerned the question of a basic constituent substance and the changes in nature.

不过，我们根据已知资料可以断定这些早期希腊哲学家“课题”与宇宙基本组成物质与大自然变化等问题有关。

In his classic essay The Myth of Sisyphus, existentialist philosopher Albert Camus compared the punishment to humanity’s futile search for meaning and truth in a meaningless and indifferent universe.

存在主义哲学家阿尔伯特·加缪在他经典论文《西西弗斯神话》中将这种惩罚比作人类在无意义和冷漠宇宙中徒劳地寻找意义和真理。

1-5SUMMARY Western philosophy emerged within Greek-speaking regions along the north-eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea, and the first philosophers tried to move away from a purely mythological conception of the cosmos.

1-5概要 西方哲学出现在地中海东北海岸希腊语地区, 第一批哲学家试图摆脱纯粹神话宇宙观。

Sophie realized that she had already begun to crawl down into the cozy rabbit's fur, the very same rabbit that had been pulled from the top hat of the universe. But the philosopher had stopped her.

苏菲意识到她已经开始朝着兔子(就是从宇宙帽子中被拉出来那只)温暖舒适毛皮深处向下爬，却被这位哲学家中途拦住。

Most philosophers, rightly or wrongly, believe that philosophy can do much more than this—that it can give us knowledge, not otherwise attainable, concerning the universe as a whole, and concerning the nature of ultimate reality.

无论对错，哲学可以做远不止于此——它可以给我们提供知识， 这些知识是通过其他方式无法获得， 涉及整个宇宙， 涉及终极现实本质。

1-3-2Parmenides Dissatisfied with the philosophical views of his predecessors, Parmenides offered the quite startling theory that the entire universe consists of one thing, which never changes, has no parts, and can never be destroyed.

1-3-2 巴门尼德 不满于前人哲学观点, 巴门尼德提出了一个当惊人理论, 即整个宇宙由一个东西组成, 这个东西永不改变, 没有部分, 也永远不会被摧毁。

Metaphysics insisted on treating the universe as one thought or treating thought as one universe; and philosophers agreed, like a kinetic gas, that the universe could be known only as motion of mind, and therefore as unity.

形而上学坚持将宇宙视为一个思想或将思想视为一个宇宙； 哲学家们一致认为， 宇宙只能作为思维运动而被认识， 此是统一。

What is this cosmic view that allows friendship to be on one hand, a good in itself, but not this end that takes us astray, for us to enjoy its pleasures, but not to take over the philosophic life?

这种宇宙观使得友谊一方面成为自身美好事物，另一方面又不至于沦为误导我们终极目标，让我们既能享受友谊乐趣， 又不会让友谊主宰哲学生活。 那么，这种宇宙观究竟是什么呢？

Most scientific research has practical ends. But some still pursues goals better described by the field's original name: " natural philosophy" . One of its most philosophical questions is, " Is there life elsewhere in the universe" ?

大多数科学研究有实际目。但有些人仍然追求这个领域原名" 自然哲学" 所描述更好目标。其中一个最哲学问题是，" 宇宙中其他地方有生命吗？"