And we've talked about functional groups before, but just to review, functional groups are basically just an arrangement of atoms that are present in a molecule that generally function similarly.

我们之前讨论过官能团，但为了复习一下， 官能团基本上就是分子中一组原子排列， 它们通常具有相似功能。

By functional group I mean an alcohol group or ketone group or aldehyde group or acid group.

我提到官能团时，指是醇基、酮基、醛基或羧酸基。

Well the same thing goes for the ethene functional group, which is called a vinyl group.

同样事情也适用于乙烯官能团， 它被称为乙烯基。

The first and most familiar oxygen-based functional group is the alcohol, a terminal " -OH" .

第一个也是最熟悉含官能团是醇，它有一个末端“-OH”。

And those are the seven functional groups that we're going to talk about.

这些都是我们将要讨论七种官能团。

The chemical parameters that we used for instance it was the molecular weight of compound, or the fact that the compound possesses or not some functional groups.

博维：我们使用化学参数例如化分子量，或者化是否具有某些官能团。

Any side chains or functional groups sticking off the side have to be identified and named.

必须识别和命名任何从侧面伸出侧链或官能团。

Two important notes here, if the parent functional group is on carbon one we just leave the number off.

这里有两个重要注意事项， 如果父官能团在碳一上， 我们就把数字去掉。

All of these things can be accomplished by simple organic compounds with different functional groups sticking off of them!

所有这些都可以通过具有不同官能团简单有机化来实现！

When working with functional groups, each one adds a particular suffix to the end of the name of a compound.

使用官能团时， 每个官能团都会在化名称末尾添加一个特定后缀。

In fact, if you look at all these oxygen based functional groups you'll see that they're all very closely related.

事实上，如果你看看所有这些以为基础官能团， 你会发现它们都密切相关。

They do this by giving prefixes to compounds for the number of carbons in a chain, suffixes based on parent functional groups, and ranking functional groups somewhat arbitrarily for precedence.

他们通过为链中碳原子数化添加前缀、基于母体官能团后缀以及在某种程度上任意排列官能团优先级来做到这一点。

Organic compounds that include these functional groups have various wonderful names: wood alcohol, cinnamaldehyde, and cadaverine.

包含这些官能团有机化有着各种奇妙名字：木醇、肉桂醛和尸胺。

The most weighted of all is the carboxylic acid functional group, so no matter what else is on a six carbon chain, if there's a carboxylic acid, then it's a hexanoic acid.

最重要是羧酸官能团，所以无论六碳链上还有什么， 如果有羧酸， 那么它就是己酸。

Since we know how these functional groups function, we (and by we I mean the human race) can add to or modify or remove and join them together in predictable ways.

既然我们知道这些官能团是如何起作用，我们（这里意思是人类）就可以有预测性地添加、修改、移除或把它们连接在一起。

So yeah, when we have a carbonyl in the middle of a carbon chain, that is a ketone functional group.

所以是，我们在碳链中间有一个羰基时， 那就是酮官能团。

Now we only have two more oxygen-based functional groups that we're gonna talk about, These are groups that have internal oxygens bonded directly to carbons.

现在我们只剩下两种含官能团要讲了，这些官能团内部直接与碳原子相连。

Now, acetone is just a name of that one chemical, not the functional group itself.

现在，丙酮只是一个化学质名称，并不是官能团本身。

Now it is perfectly possible that a molecule will have two different functional groups, so how do we know which one is the parent?

现在， 一个分子可能具有两种不同官能团，那么我们怎么知道哪个是主链呢？

Using these two extra elements, we're going to talk about seven exciting and different functional groups.

使用这两个额外元素，我们将讨论七种激动人心且各不相同官能团。