Some materials that are culturally prized as gems aren't minerals or gems in the strictest geological sense: things like amber, jet, coral, and pearl.

有些材料在文化意义上被视为矿物，但从严格学角度上它们并矿物或，例如：、精、珊瑚和珍珠。

The Gemological Institute of America, sometimes known as the GIA (not to be confused with the CIA – the Central Intelligence Agency) is the leading authority in gemology in the United States.

美国学院，有时也称为 GIA（不要与中央情报局 - 中央情报局混淆）是美国学主要权威机构。