What is the only animal species in the Genus Rhincodon?

属于鲸鲨密属中唯一的动物是哪一个？

Three base codons on the mRNA code for one amino acid.

一个氨基酸的 mRNA 上的三个碱基密。

The 3 base codes are known as codons. So GGT is a " codon" for Glycine.

这三个碱基被称密。所以 GGT 是甘氨酸的“密”。

The words in which the instructions are written are called codons, and the letters are known as bases.

指令中所写的单词被称密，单词中的一个个字母被称碱基。

The genetic code is a rulebook that defines which codon encodes which amino acid.

遗传密是一本规则手册，它定义了哪个密哪个氨基酸。

Stop signals When a ribosome reads a codon.

终止信号 当核糖体读取一个密时。

So, for example, the triplet codon TCG encodes the amino acid serine.

因此，例如，三联密 TCG 氨基酸丝氨酸。

The paper gives some fascinating examples. Evo2 can accurately predict the three-base periodicity pattern of codons.

这篇论文提供了一些引人入胜的例。Evo2可以准确预测密的三碱基周期性模式。

Sometimes, the third base in a codon can vary without changing which amino acid it codes for.

有时，密中的第三个碱基可以发变化，而不会改变它的氨基酸。

And this means that most amino acids are encoded by more than one triplet codon.

这意味着大多数氨基酸由不止一个三联体密。

And the order of triplet codons in DNA encodes the order of amino acid building blocks in a protein.

DNA 中三联体密的顺序了蛋白质中氨基酸组成部分的顺序。

So, for example, the amino acid serine is encoded by six different triplet codons.

因此，例如，氨基酸丝氨酸由六个不同的三联体密。

And triplet codons that encode the same amino acid are defined as synonymous codons.

相同氨基酸的三联体密被定义同义密。

We asked whether life needs multiple synonymous codons to encode a single amino acid.

我们询问命是否需要多个同义密来单个氨基酸。

For example, does life need six different codons, which all code for the amino acid serine?

例如，命是否需要六个不同的密，它们都氨基酸丝氨酸？

Specifically, we could remove components of the translational machinery, specific tRNAs, that normally read the codons that we've removed from the genome.

具体来说，我们可以移除转化体系的成分，即特定的转运 RNA，它们通常会读取我们从基因组中移除的密。

Recall that the order of triplet codons in DNA encodes the order of amino acid building blocks in a protein.

回想一下，DNA 中三联体密的顺序了蛋白质中氨基酸构建块的顺序。

And it's the translational machinery of cells that reads the triplet codons and builds the corresponding sequence of amino acids.

是细胞的翻译机器读取三联体密并构建相应的氨基酸序列。

Now, the key point here is that we've created a cell that no longer reads all the codons in the near-universal genetic code.

现在，这里的关键点是我们已经创建了一个不再读取近乎通用的遗传密中的所有密的细胞。

By changing the order of the triplet codons in the synthetic DNA, we can change the order of the chemical building blocks that we program into the resulting polymer.

通过改变合成 DNA 中三联体密的顺序，我们可以改变我们在成的聚合物中程的化学构件的顺序。