In many industries a cosy duopoly retards innovation and harms consumers.

在许多产业中，双寡头垄断阻碍了创新，并损害了消费者。

A small number of companies that control an industry is called an oligopoly.

少数控制一个行业公司被称为寡头垄断。

In the mass-media era local monopolies often had to be relatively impartial to maximise their appeal to readers and advertisers.

在大众传媒时代，地方寡头必须保相对公正性以吸引读者和赞助商。

Today, an oligarchy is taking shape in America of extreme wealth, power and influence that literally threatens our entire democracy, our basic rights and freedoms and a fair shot for everyone to get ahead.

今天，美国正在形成一个极端财富、权力和影响力寡头阶层，这威胁到了我们整个民主、基本权利和自由，以及每个人获得公平机会权利。

The last type are oligopolies, and that's what we're gonna focus on today.

最后一类市场是寡头垄断，这是我们今天要关注。

For one thing, it remains an entrenched oligopoly.

首先，它仍然是一个根深蒂固寡头垄断。

We could either have this serve oligarchy of big companies that have been giant.

可以是做数据库服务寡头，这个寡头是顶级大公司。

Why are we talking about the fact that groceries are unaffordable thanks to oligopoly policies?

为什么我们要谈论由于寡头垄断政策而买不起食品这一事实？

But isn't the smartphone industry dominated by the duopoly of Apple and Google?

但智能手机行业不是被苹果和谷歌这两家寡头集团主导吗？

Maybe there's not enough competition, maybe it's a bit oligopolistic.

也许竞争不够，可能有点寡头垄断。

Berezovsky had been one of the Russia's oligarchs.

别列佐夫斯基曾是俄罗斯寡头之一。

The mood in Britain began to turn against Russian oligarchs even before the invasion.

甚至在入侵之前，英国情绪就开始转向反对俄罗斯寡头。

Without the competition of international trade to keep them on their toes, domestic companies might become an oligopoly less accountable to the demands of their customers.

如果没有国际贸易竞争让它们保，国内公司可能会变成一个寡头垄断，对客户需求不太负责。

This group has appointed loyalists to the central bank and finance ministry, and put forward new chiefs for the security service and defence ministry-signs that Mr Yanukovych wants an independent power base beyond the oligarchs who back him now.

亚努科维奇集团把亲信安插在乌克兰央行和财政部，提出要为安全局和国防部领导层进行大换血，这标志着亚努科维奇希望摆脱在背后支他寡头政治人士，建立听命于他独立权力基础。

Perhaps most intriguing, though, are the $500,000 in payments to Essential Consultants from Columbus Nova, a New York investment firm whose biggest client is the Renova Group, which is, in turn, controlled by the Russian oligarch Viktor Vekselberg.

也许，那些款项中最有趣要数哥伦布诺瓦公司给“必要咨询”那50万美元了，哥伦布诺瓦是纽约一家投资公司，其最大客户是列诺瓦集团，而后者控制权掌握在俄罗斯寡头维克托·维克塞尔伯格手里。

Over time, it changed from a monarchy to an oligarchy, where a council of elders or a citizens assembly would vote one man in to rule for a one-year period.

随着时间推移，它从君主制转变为寡头制，由长老委员会或公民大会投票选出一名男子，统治一年。

And that is really potentially crippling to these oligarchs because they have assets all over the world, and they've decided to store a lot of money they've made abroad because that's safer, in some respects, than keeping them in Russia.

这对这些寡头来说是一种潜在伤害因为他们在世界各地都有资产，他们决定把他们在国外赚很多钱存起来，因为在某些方面，这比把钱留在俄罗斯更安全。

The provisional government of Hawaii has not assumed a republican or other constitutional form, but has remained a mere executive council or oligarchy, set up without the assent of the people.

夏威夷临时政府没有采取共和制或其他宪法形式，而只是一个未经人民同意而建立行政委员会或寡头政治。

At the time, Mr. Manafort worked as a political and business consultant to the Ukrainian steel and coal oligarch Rinat L. Akhmetov, as well as the Russian aluminum oligarch Oleg V. Deripaska.

后者当时是乌克兰钢铁和煤炭寡头雷纳特·L.阿赫梅托夫，以及俄罗斯铝业寡头奥列格·V.德里帕斯卡政治商业顾问。

People stand outside a government aid point. But there is no Red Cross food, nor vouchers from Ukrainian oligarch Renat Akhmetov, to be given out.

人们站在政府援助站外，但没有红十字食物，也没有来自乌克兰寡头阿赫梅托夫食品券可供分发。