Whichever it is, you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand.

不管哪一种，你都了解每一个折拐弯之处，就像熟悉自己手背上的纹路一样。

Many languages all around the world are heavily inflected, encoding lots of information in verbs.

世界各地的许多语言都有很大的折变化，动词编码大量信息。

A simple way to understand stem is to take it as the word form minus its inflectional affixes.

理解词干的一个简单方法将其视为去掉折词的词形。

Inflectional affixes and derivational affixes are two types of morphological processes used to create new words in a language.

折词派生词于在语言中创建新词的两种形态过程。

The affixes attached in this process are therefore inflectional affixes or inflectional morphemes.

因此，这一过程中附加的词折词或折语素。

Inflectional affixes typically appear after derivational affixes in a word structure.

顺序：在单词结构中，折词通常出现在派生词之后。

Derivational affixes typically appear before inflectional affixes in a word structure.

顺序：在单词结构中，派生词通常出现在折词之前。

Function: Inflectional affixes primarily serve grammatical functions, expressing grammatical relationships or indicating aspects such as tense, number, case, or comparison.

功能：折词主要服务于语法功能，表达语法关系或指示时态、数、格或比较等方面。

In languages like English, verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs will undergo the process of inflection.

在像英语这样的语言中，动词、名词、形容词副词都会经历折过程。

Obviously, inflection does not change the meaning of the base lexeme, nor does it change its category.

显然，折不改变基础词位的意义，也不改变其词类。

Productivity: Inflectional affixes are highly productive and can be applied to a wide range of words within a particular grammatical category.

生产力：折词的生产力很高，可以应于特定语法类别内的各种单词。

Number is also reflected in the inflections of pronouns and verbs, such as He laughs: They laugh, this man : these men.

数也反映在代词动词的折变化中，如He laughs： They laugh， this man ： these men。

Compared with derivation, which also involves the combination of a lexeme and an affix, inflection has some special properties.

与派生相比，折也涉及词位词的结合，但折有一些特殊属性。

Secondly, inflectional rules are more productive than derivational ones.

其次，折规则比派生规则更有生产力。

There are inflections called " cases" on the end of nouns -- (Laughter) that tell you who does what to whom in a sentence.

名词末尾有称为“案例”的折变化 - （笑声）告诉你谁在句子中对谁做什么。

The patterns for inflection can be applied in most cases, with very few irregular forms as exceptions.

折的模式可以应于大多数情况，只有极少数的不规则形式作为例外。

Productivity: Derivational affixes may have more limited productivity compared to inflectional affixes, and their application can vary across different words and contexts.

生产力：与折词相比， 派生词的生产力可能更有限，并且它们的应可能因不同的单词上下文而异。

An inflectional affix is attached only when a word is used in a sentence, as this type of affixation is required by grammar.

折词只在词于句子中时附加，因为这种词附加由语法要求的。

Thirdly, inflection never changes the category of the base lexeme, while derivation often involves the shifting of the category.

第三，折从不改变基础词位的词类，而派生通常涉及词类的转换。

In this section, we will learn the major morphological processes, i.e., derivation, compounding, and inflection and the minor morphological processes—coinage, blending, backformation, clipping and acronym.

在本节中，我们将学习主要的形态变化过程，即派生、复合折，以及次要的形态变化过程—新造词、混合、逆构、截断缩略语。