Whichever it is, you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand.

不管是哪一种，你都了解每一个拐弯之处，悉自己手背上纹路一样。

Many languages all around the world are heavily inflected, encoding lots of information in verbs.

世界各地许多语言都有很大变化，用动词编码大量信息。

Derivational affixes typically appear before inflectional affixes in a word structure.

顺序：在单词结构中，派生词缀通常出现在词缀之前。

Thirdly, inflection never changes the category of the base lexeme, while derivation often involves the shifting of the category.

第三，从不改变基础词位词类，而派生通常涉及词类转换。

Secondly, inflectional rules are more productive than derivational ones.

其次，规则比派生规则更有生产力。

Inflectional affixes and derivational affixes are two types of morphological processes used to create new words in a language.

词缀和派生词缀是用于在语言中创建新词两种形态过程。

The patterns for inflection can be applied in most cases, with very few irregular forms as exceptions.

模式可以应用于大多数情况，只有极少数不规则形式作为例外。

Inflectional affixes typically appear after derivational affixes in a word structure.

顺序：在单词结构中，词缀通常出现在派生词缀之后。

Productivity: Derivational affixes may have more limited productivity compared to inflectional affixes, and their application can vary across different words and contexts.

生产力：与词缀相比， 派生词缀生产力可能更有限，并且它们应用可能因不同单词和上下文而异。

Function: Inflectional affixes primarily serve grammatical functions, expressing grammatical relationships or indicating aspects such as tense, number, case, or comparison.

功能：词缀主要服务于语法功能，表达语法关系或指示时态、数、格或比较等方面。

Compared with derivation, which also involves the combination of a lexeme and an affix, inflection has some special properties.

与派生相比，也涉及词位和词缀结合，但有一些特殊属性。

There are inflections called " cases" on the end of nouns -- (Laughter) that tell you who does what to whom in a sentence.

名词末尾有被称为“格”变化——（笑声）它们告诉你句子中谁对谁做了什么。

The e had once been pronounced and represented the remnant of an old inflectional ending that had been reduced to a generic uh sound.

那个e曾经被发音过，代表了旧词尾残留部分，这个词尾已经被简化为一个通用“uh”音。

Number is also reflected in the inflections of pronouns and verbs, such as He laughs: They laugh, this man : these men.

数也反映在代词和动词变化中，如He laughs： They laugh， this man ： these men。

Finally, inflection never changes the meaning of the base lexeme, while a word formed via derivation can be semantically different from the base lexeme.

最后，从不改变基础词位意义，而通过派生形成词在语义上可能与基础词位不同。

In English, " object" is recognised by tracing its relation to word order (after the verb and preposition) and by inflections (of pronouns).

在英语中，“宾语”通过追踪它与词序关系（动词和介词之后）以及代词变化来识别。

In languages like English, verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs will undergo the process of inflection.

在英语这样语言中，动词、名词、形容词和副词都会经历过程。

Inflectional affixes are highly productive and appear after derivational affixes, whereas derivational affixes may have more limited productivity and appear before inflectional affixes.

词缀生产力很高， 并且出现在派生词缀之后，而派生词缀生产力可能更有限， 并且出现在词缀之前。

Obviously, inflection does not change the meaning of the base lexeme, nor does it change its category.

显然，不改变基础词位意义，也不改变其词类。

The affixes attached in this process are therefore inflectional affixes or inflectional morphemes.

因此，这一过程中附加词缀是词缀或语素。