The high laevorotation of L-cystine depends on a specially helical structure of its molecular.
指出了L-胱氨酸高度
左旋性是由其分

殊螺旋结构决定
。
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But when the same people were given antibiotics to kill their gut microbes, a subsequent steak meal produced little TMAO, even though their carnitine levels went even higher than before. Production of TMAO, then, seems to need bacteria.
但当同一组志愿者服用抗生素杀死肠道微生物
,之
的牛排大餐仅仅产生了少量的TMAO,即使左旋肉碱水平比之前更高了。这说明生产TMAO
要细菌参与。
Peripheral dopa decarboxylase also exists, which can metabolize levodopa into dopamine before it gets through the blood brain barrier, and—via additional enzymes— metabolize it into other catecholamines like epinephrine, which can cause unwanted side effects like arrhythmias.
体内还有外周多巴脱羧酶,可以在左旋多巴穿过血脑屏障前将其转换为多巴胺;然
,通过其他酶将其转换为其他儿茶酚胺,如肾上腺素,它可以导致不良的副作用,如心律失常。
Motor symptoms respond to drugs used to treat Parkinson's disease, like levodopa, a dopamine analogue, while cognitive symptoms may improve with drugs for Alzheimer's disease, like donepezil, which increases acetylcholine availability.
针对运动障碍,可使用与帕金森病类似的药物,比如多巴胺类似物左旋多巴,而使用类似阿尔茨海默病的药物,可以改善认知症状,比如多奈哌齐,它能增加乙酰胆碱的供给。
Dopamine itself can't cross the blood-brain barrier, but its precursor levodopa can, and once in the brain, levodopa is converted to dopamine by dopa decarboxylase, most importantly within the remaining nigrostriatal neurons.
多巴胺本身不能通过血脑屏障,但它的前体左旋多巴可以,一旦进入脑中,左旋多巴就会被多巴脱羧酶转换为多巴胺,尤其是在残存的黑质纹状体神经元内。