Because alveoli serve as critical exchange points between the blood and air from the outside world, they have their own specialized types of white blood cells, or macrophages, which defend against foreign organisms by enveloping and eating them.

因为肺泡相当于液和来自体外的空气之间的一个临界交换点，它们拥有专门的白细胞，又名细胞，这种细胞通过包络和吞外来细胞来行防御。

As " type A" cells in the synovium attempt to remove the debris, immune cells like lymphocytes and macrophages are recruited into the synovial membrane, which produces proinflammatory cytokines that ultimately cause inflammation of the synovium as well, called synovitis.

滑膜上的A型细胞努力清除这些碎片的同时，免疫细胞（如淋巴细胞、细胞）也被募集入滑膜，产生症因子，最终导致滑膜。

When all that stuff stagnates, it initiates an inflammatory reaction that causes macrophages to release inflammatory molecules, which ultimately damage surrounding cells and leads to fibrosis which is the thickening of connective tissue, or the creation of scar tissue.

当所有这些物质淤滞时，将会引发症反应，从而导致细胞释放症因子，最终破坏周围细胞，造成组织的纤维化，即缔组织增厚，形成瘢痕组织。

When the abnormal IgA1-IgG immune complexes deposit in the mesangium, the alternative complement pathway is activated, leading to the release of proinflammatory cytokines and migration of macrophages into the kidney, all of which contributes to glomerular injury.

当异常的IgA1-IgG免疫复合物沉积在系膜上时，补体旁路途径被激活，导致促因子的释放，同时促细胞向肾迁移，以上所有反应会导致肾小球的损伤。

Once it reaches the lungs, it gets ingested by alveolar macrophages and inside macrophages, it gets wrapped up in a vesicle called phagosome, which normally merges with lysosomes to kill invading bacteria.

入肺内后，它就会被肺泡细胞吞；在细胞内，它被包裹在称为吞体的囊泡中，通常吞体会与溶酶体融合，清除入侵的细菌。

Once activated, the B-cells make antibodies that mark the auto antigens and the macrophages use those antibody markers to bind to and strip the myelin sheath off of the peripheral neurons.

一旦被激活，B细胞产生识别抗体与自身抗原合，而细胞识别、合抗原抗体复合物，清除周围神经元上的髓鞘。

In acute laryngitis, the goblet cells to over secrete mucus leading to congestion of the airway, and immune cells like neutrophils and macrophages release chemicals that cause pain and swelling.

急性喉中，杯状细胞分泌过多黏液，导致气道阻塞；免疫细胞如中性粒细胞、细胞释放化学物质产生疼痛和肿胀感。

First, they damage the RBC membrane, resulting in intramedullary hemolysis, or RBC breakdown in the bone marrow; or extravascular hemolysis, when RBCs are destroyed by macrophages in the spleen.

首先，它们会破坏红细胞膜，导致髓内溶（骨髓中红细胞分解）或管外溶（红细胞被脾脏的细胞破坏）。

At the same time, the macrophages produce molecules called cytokines and chemokines that alert the rest of the immune system to the presence of the invader.

与此同时，细胞产生称为细胞因子和趋化因子的分子，提醒免疫系统的其他部分注意入侵者的存在。

The cytokines attract Inflammatory cells like macrophages which start releasing even more inflammatory substances like proteases, platelet activating factor, and free radicals, all which contribute to inflammation.

这些细胞因子可以募集更多的症细胞如细胞；这些细胞而释放更多的症介质，如蛋白酶、小板活化因子和自由基，它们都可以一步促症反应。

The only exception was ROS, which inexplicably increased in the macrophage when the polyphenol-amino acid combo was present compared to when the polyphenol was on its own.

唯一的例外是活性氧，当多酚-氨基酸加合物存在时，与多酚单独存在时相比，细胞中活性氧莫名增加。

This channel serves as a pathway for iron to enter the macrophage at increased rates, so less iron is available for the production of hemoglobin.

这个通道使铁以更快的速度入细胞，因此，可用于生成红蛋白的铁含量减少。

I'm talking about macrophages, the big, hungry guard cells that patrol your connective tissues and eat bacteria, foreign materials, and even your own dead cells.

我说的是细胞，大而饥饿的保卫细胞，巡逻你的缔组织，吃掉细菌，外来物质，甚至你自己的死细胞。

By then, researchers had already discovered that immune cells called macrophages probably contribute to endometriosis and that pain-sensing nerves are also involved.

那时，研究人员已经发现， 被称为细胞的免疫细胞可能与子宫内膜异位症有关， 痛觉神经也参与其中。

Some monocytes migrate into tissues and differentiate into macrophages, which remain in tissues and aren't found in the blood.

一些单核细胞迁移到组织中，分化成为细胞；它们会停留在组织里，不会再在液里出现。

Next up are the monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, which are phagocytic cells - they gobble up pathogens, present antigens, and release cytokines - tiny molecules that help attract other immune cells to the area.

接着是单核细胞、细胞和树突状细胞，三者都是吞细胞；它们大口吃病原体，呈递抗原，并释放细胞因子（即帮助号召其他免疫细胞救兵来到局部的微小分子）。

They cytokines also attract B-cells and macrophages as part of the inflammatory reaction.

细胞因子也会趋化B淋巴细胞和细胞，这也是症反应的一部分。

For example, we have mechanical techniques like coughing, a mucociliary escalator that lines the entire airway and moves out larger bacteria, and macrophages that are nestled deep inside the alveoli and ready to destroy anything that lands there.

例如，我们有像咳嗽这样的技能，贴在气道的黏膜纤毛可移除较大的细菌，而细胞则在肺泡深处准备吞降解那里的东西。

HHV-8 is transmitted through sexual contact, and once in the body, it uses the viral glycoproteins on its envelope to enter a wide variety of cells, such as B cells, endothelial cells, macrophages and epithelial cells.

HHV-8通过性接触传播，一旦入宿主体内，它会利用囊膜上的病毒糖蛋白入多种细胞内，例如B细胞、内皮细胞、细胞与上皮细胞。

With extravascular hemolysis, we have macrophages eating up red blood cells more than normal and unconjugated bilirubin production is ramped up, which is conjugated by the liver and sent to the gallbladder.

管外溶时，细胞吞红细胞，较正常时更多，而加速了非合胆红素的产生，非合胆红素在肝脏转变为合胆红素，并输送至胆囊。