And they found that, unlike us—the bats always have interferons on patrol.

而结果他们发现，与我们人类所不同的是，蝙蝠体内的素直在起作用。

In both cases, you should actually be eating nutrient-rich food, which gives your body the energy to heal itself and increases something called gamma interferon which is essential for your immunity against both viral and bacterial infections.

在这两种情况下，你都应该吃些营养丰富的食物，这可以为身体自行治愈提供能量，增种叫做伽马素的东西，这是对免疫病毒和细菌感染来说必不可少。

At that point T helper cells, or Th1 cells swoop in and release cytokines —which are cell signaling molecules— like interferon-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor alpha, which further stimulate the inflammatory response.

在这时，辅助T细胞（Th1细胞）突然炎症反应中释放细胞因子；这些细胞因子是细胞间信号分子，包括γ素和肿瘤坏死因子α等；这些细胞因子可以进步促发炎症反应。

Like, studies have found that a significant number of patients with life-threatening COVID-19 have problems with their interferons, proteins that help spot viruses and interfere with their replication.

例如，有研究发现，大量新冠病毒重症患者的素存在问题，素是能够帮助识别病毒其复制的蛋白质。

Interferon can cause serious effects that make it difficult to take, but the combination of drugs given in the trial had minimal side effects, and none of the patients dropped out.

素能造成使其难以吸收的严重影响, 但在试验中患者服用的结合药物却呈现最小的副作用, 而且没有病人退出。

As an alternative to tuberculin skin test, there are also interferon gamma release assays or IGRAs which look for evidence in the blood of previous exposure to TB proteins.

作为结核菌素试验的替代性试验，γ-素体外释放试验分析技术（IGRA）是寻找在血液中曾经接触过TB蛋白的证据。

Chronic treatment for multiple sclerosis includes immunosuppressants like recombinant beta-IFN which decreases the level of inflammatory cytokines in the brain and increases the function of T regulatory cells.

疾病调节治疗可用免疫抑制剂（重组β-素），可降低大脑中炎性因子水平和增调节性T淋巴细胞的功能。

Lonely people have unusually low numbers of a type of myeloid cell that generates what are known as interferon responses, which hamper viral replication.

孤独的人他们血液中骨髓细胞的数量异常的低，骨髓细胞可以产生素反应，阻碍病毒复制。

When the risk of blood clots is high, therapy usually involves lowering the platelet count by using medications like hydroxyurea, interferon-alpha, and anagrelide.

当血栓形成风险较高时，治疗通常包括用羟基脲、α素和阿那格雷等药物来降低血小板计数。

In one study, people were injected with one of three substances: saline, lipopolysaccharide, or interferon — another inflammation inducing substance.

在项研究中，我们为受试者分别注射三种试剂：生理盐水、脂多糖、以及种可以诱导炎症的素。

The first responders are signaling proteins, called interferons.

首先起作用的就是信号蛋白，它也被称为素。

The treatment excluded interferon-a drug frequently given by injection to combat the disease.

但治疗过程将通过注射对抗这种疾病的素药物排除在外。

And this means that those myelin specific T-cells release cytokines like IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and interferon-gamma, and together dilate the blood vessels which allows more immune cells to get in, as well as directly cause damage to the oligodendrocytes.

髓鞘敏感的T淋巴细胞释放细胞因子，比如IL-1、IL-6、α-肿瘤坏死因子、γ-素，起扩张血管让更多免疫细胞进，直接损伤少突胶质细胞。

So, a person's unique blend of interferon genes may end up explaining whether they develop symptoms, and not just because the proteins interact with the virus directly.

因此，个人独特的素基因融合情况可能才会最终决定他是否会出现症状，而不仅仅是因为蛋白质与病毒的直接相互作用。

(and also on cells from monkeys, as a control). They concluded that always-on interferon pathways probably do speed up viral evolution.

（作为对照，也对猴子的细胞进行了实验）。他们总结称，永远活跃的素通路可能确实快了病毒进化。

Uninfected cells start secreting interferons alpha and beta, which inhibits viral protein synthesis and protects those cells from getting infected.

未被感染的细胞开始分泌α和β素，阻止病毒蛋白质的合成，使其他细胞免于被感染。

Medication like hydroxyurea, interferon-alpha, and anagrelide can be used to lower platelet counts and decrease the risk of clotting.

羟基脲、α素和阿那格雷等药物可以用来降低血小板计数降低凝血风险。

And I'm also gonna watch a sketchy video on interferons.

我还将观看有关素的粗略视频。

This may be due to the increased growth in T Cells, which are white blood cells involved in your immune response, as well as an increased production of interferon, which causes virus-infected cells to ramp up their anti-viral defenses.

这可能是由于 T 细胞的生长增，T 细胞是参与免疫反应的白细胞， 以及素的产生增， 这会导致受病毒感染的细胞增强其抗病毒防御能力。

And we know there's one gene in particular that's been targeted called interferon regulatory factor 4, which is important in regulating and producing melanin in the hair.

我们知道有个特定的基因被关注， 叫做素调节因子4，它在调控和产生头发中的黑色素方面非常重要。