But the proposal that really excites me is the  Laser Interferometer Space Antenna, or LISA.

但真正令我兴奋的是激光干涉仪太空天线（LISA）。

Einstein's theory of general relativity predicted this phenomenon over 100 years ago, but it wasn't directly verified until 2017, when gravitational wave observatories LIGO and VIRGO observed a neutron star collision.

爱因斯坦的广义相对论在百多年前就预言了这现象，但直到2017年，激光干涉仪引力波天文台（LIGO）和室女探测器（VIRGO）观测到中子碰撞时， 这现象才得到直接验证。

This gives a very small glimpse into the relevance that holograms have to interferometry, which is the technique of using wave interference to measure extremely tiny distances.

这让我们稍微了解了全息图与干涉仪之间的关联，干涉仪是利用波干涉来测量极小距离的技术。

That's why the European Space Agency is building a spacecraft called LISA, due to fly in the late 2030s.

这就是为什么欧洲航天局正在建造个名为空间激光干涉仪的航天器，预计在2030年代后期发射。

Potentially we can detect primordial gravitational waves from before this time, but this will need a huge space interferometer.

理论上， 我们或许能探测到这时间点之前的原初引力波，但这需要个庞大的空间干涉仪。

Yeah, using an interferometer to create what is...

是的 使用干涉仪来创建。

Michelson talked Alexander Graham Bell, newly enriched inventor of the telephone, into providing the funds to build an ingenious and sensitive instrument of Michelson's own devising called an interferometer, which could measure the velocity of light with great precision.

迈克尔逊说服新近富有的电话发明者亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔 （Alexander Graham Bell） 提供资金，以制造种由迈克尔逊自己设计的巧妙而灵敏的仪器，称为干涉仪，它可以非常精确地测量光速。

The image of Sagittarius A star was released based on radio interferometer data taken in 2017.

A*的图像基于2017年的射电干涉仪数据发布。

Monitoring groups of pulsars can create, in effect, interferometers with arms of interstellar size.

监测组脉冲实上可以创建臂长为尺度的干涉仪。

And that was the biggest, I'd say, technical problem outside of the physics instrument, the interferometer.

那就是我们在地球上所处的孤立状态。 可以说， 除了物理仪器——干涉仪之外， 这是最大的技术难题。

Remember what we said, with interferometers,   bigger is better!

请记住我们所说的，对于干涉仪来说，大好！

Also, interferometers put a lower limit of 10,000 km for the distance to the FRBs, which means they could not have originated on Earth.

此外， 干涉仪为快速无线电爆发的距离设定了个最低限值， 即10000公里，这意味着它们不可能起源于地球。

No. No, the impact of interferometers on 3D renderings.

不 不 是干涉仪在三维渲染中的影响。

This is essentially  what the interferometer measures with light.

这本质上就是干涉仪用光测量的内容。

Any particles in the  interferometer's arms are also a problem, which is why LIGO pumps the air from its vacuum chambers  to one trillionth of atmospheric pressure.

干涉仪臂中的任何颗粒也是个问题，这就是为什么 LIGO 将真空室中的空气抽至万亿分之大气压的原因。

This interferometer would be so big and so precise, scientists hope  it would be adept at uncovering exotic and theoretical sources of gravitational waves, such  as cosmic strings and other speculative phenomena.

这个干涉仪将是如此之大和如此精确，科学家希望它能够擅长揭示引力波的奇异和理论来源，例如宇宙弦和其他推测现象。

An interferometer essentially measures what happens when light waves are combined from two  or more sources.

干涉仪本质上是测量当两个或多个光源的光波组合时会发生什么。

This squeezing  minimizes the light's phase noise and squeezes it into amplitude noise, which the interferometer  doesn't measure.

这种挤压最大限度地减少了光的相位噪声，并将其挤压成干涉仪无法测量的振幅噪声。

NANOGrav have cleverly concocted  an imaginary interferometer that stretches for thousands of light  years, and all we need to use it are the good old radio telescopes  we have been using for decades.

NANOGrav 巧妙地炮制了个延伸数千光年的假想干涉仪，而我们需要使用它的只是我们已经使用了几十年的老式射电望远镜。

But in reality, the interferometer is constantly picking up noise.

但实上，干涉仪不断地拾取噪声。