Wolfe says the Vibrio bacteria may be able to actually eat the aromas-which, after all, consist of chemical compounds.

沃尔夫表示，菌可能真能够消灭掉这些气味——毕竟，这些气味是由化物组成。

Oysters can carry a scary flesh-eating bacteria called Vibrio vulnificus.

蚝可能携带一种可怕食肉菌叫创伤菌。

V. cholerae O1 has caused all recent outbreaks.

正是O1型乱菌引起了最近所有暴发。

This can cause symptoms like vomiting and voluminous amounts of watery diarrhea containing extremely high concentrations of sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate; as well as high levels of live V. cholerae ready to infect another individual.

这可能导致呕吐、含有大量高浓度钠、钾、氯化物和碳酸氢盐水样腹泻，以及可能感染另一个人高活跃乱菌。

Coastlines are warm enough for the dangerous Vibrio bacteria to grow in the Baltic areas of Europe and the Northeast and Pacific Northwest of the U.S.

在欧洲波罗海地区以及美国东北部和太平洋西北部海岸线地区，高温足以使这些地区滋生危险菌。

Transmission of V. cholerae typically occurs through a fecal to oral route.

乱菌传播通常为粪口途径。

Most people infected with V. cholerae do not develop any symptoms, although the bacteria are present in their faeces for 1-10 days after infection and are shed back into the environment, potentially infecting other people.

当然大多数感染了乱菌人并不会出现任何症状，尽管这种病菌在感染后1~10天内出现在他们粪便中，并被释放回环境中传染他人。

There, V. cholerae can begin to multiply and produce toxins.

此时，乱菌得以开始繁殖并产生毒素。

V. cholerae O139 – first identified in Bangladesh in 1992 – caused outbreaks in the past, but recently has only been identified in sporadic cases.

O139型乱菌于1992在孟加拉国被首次发现，在过去也曾导致乱暴发，而最近仅在散发病例中有发现。

So, to recap: Cholera is a contagious, severe gastroenteritis caused by the gram-negative Vibrio cholerae bacteria.

得！快速回顾一下：乱是一种由革兰氏阴乱菌引起具有传染、严重胃肠炎。

There are many serogroups of V. cholerae, but only two – O1 and O139 – cause outbreaks.

乱菌有许多血清型，但只有O1和O139两种血清型会引起乱暴发。

And though V. cholerae does not enter the epithelial cells itself, the toxins do and they can cause a lot of trouble.

虽然乱菌本身不会进入上皮细胞，但是毒素会，而且会造成很多麻烦。

V. cholerae is a gram-negative, curved bacteria which looks like little red or pink comma-shapes on a gram stain.

乱菌是革兰氏阴弯曲细菌，在革兰氏染色上看起来像浅红色或粉红色逗号。

Now, when V. cholerae enters the stomach it shuts down protein production to conserve energy and nutrients, and to survive the acidic environment.

当乱菌进入胃部时，它会暂停生产蛋白质，以保存能量和营养，而在酸环境中生存下来。

Cholera caused by the Vibrio cholerae bacterium is also harder to treat, having developed resistance in Asia and South America.

由乱菌引起乱也变得更难治疗，因为该细菌已在亚洲和南美洲产生了抗药。

Most  strains of the cholerae bacteria are harmless and billions of them may live in your  gut right now.

大多数乱菌菌株是无害，数十亿这样细菌可能现在就生活在你肠道中。

The bobtail squid have Vibrio fischeri living in them as well.

短尾乌贼体内也有费氏菌。

Oysters can carry a scary flesh-eating bacteria called

生蚝可能携带一种名为创伤菌可怕食肉细菌。

It's caused by a bacteria, Vibrio cholerae and it's been around for thousands and thousands of years.

它是由乱菌这种细菌引起，已经存在了成千上万。

Vibrio cholerae shower these toxins at the  cells lining your gut, making them sick.

乱菌向你肠道内壁细胞释放这些毒素，使它们生病。