This endocardium lines the heart chambers as well as the heart valves.

内膜覆盖了脏各腔室和瓣膜。

It causes various hospital-acquired infections such as pneumonia, UTIs, bacteremia, endocarditis, and meningitis.

它能引起各种医院获得性感染，如肺炎、尿路感染、菌症、内膜炎以及脑膜炎。

Therefore the classic finding with angina is subendocardial ischemia, meaning less oxygen is reaching the region just under the endocardium.

因此绞痛的典型发现就是内膜下层缺，即到达内膜下层的氧减少。

'It was a very simple case of endocarditis'.

“这是一个非常简单的内膜炎病例”。

The process tending to focus on the sub endocardium.

趋向于集于内膜下的过程。

Loffler syndrome, where eosinophils accumulate in the lung tissue, can also affect the heart tissue, called Loeffler endocarditis or sometimes loeffler endomyocarditis.

Loffler综合征：嗜酸性细胞聚集在肺，也可以累及脏，这种情况叫做Loeffler内膜炎，有时也叫Loeffler内膜肌炎。

THAT STENTLESS VALVE REPLACEMENT FOR INFECTIOUS ENDOCARDITIS THAT YOU PERFORMED?

那个为感染性内膜炎做的 无扩张瓣膜替换术?

Again the sub endocardial region seems to be the most precarious in terms of blood supply.

同样，内膜下区域似乎是最不稳定的液供应。

In this case, eosinophils accumulate in the endocardial layer of the heart tissue, causing inflammation and endocardial fibrosis, making it stiffer and again less compliant.

在这类病例，嗜酸性细胞聚集在脏的内膜层，导致炎症和内膜纤维化，让其更加僵硬、顺应性更差。

On an electrocardiogram, or ECG, both stable and unstable angina show an ST-segment depression since ischemia's limited to the subendocardium.

电图上，稳定型和非稳定型绞痛都显示ST段降低，因为缺局限于内膜下层。

Yet another is endocardial fibroelastosis, where fibrosis develops in the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart, as well as the subendocardium right under, again making the tissue less compliant.

还有另一种病因是内膜弹力纤维增生症，即在内膜以及内膜下层发生了纤维化，使得脏顺应性变差。

Endocardial fibroelastosis happens most often in children, and is thought to be caused by a variety of diseases and stresses, like infections and even nutritional deficiencies.

内膜弹力纤维增生症通常发生在小孩身上，且被认为是由各种疾病和压力导致，比如说感染以及甚至是营养物质的缺乏。

If blood flow's reduced or the myocardium is thicker, blood has a harder time reaching this deeper layer just under the endocardium, called the subendocardium.

一旦流减少或肌变厚，流便难以到达最深层，即内膜下层。

This ischemia is thought to trigger release of adenosine, bradykinin, and other molecules that stimulate nerve fibers in the myocardium that result in the sensation of pain.

内膜下缺被认为启动腺苷、缓激肽等分子的释放，这些分子刺激肌层神经末梢，导致痛觉产生。

Usually, pyelonephritis from hematogenous spread is a consequence of septicemia or bacteremia - which is bacteria in the blood - as well as infective endocarditis, an infection of the inner layer of the heart.

通常情况下，通过液传播的肾炎是由于败症或菌症（即细菌入）或感染性内膜炎（即内膜受感染）。

Finally, there's the innermost layer of the heart called the endocardium, which is made of a relatively thin layer of endothelium which is the same layer of cells that line the blood vessels.

最后，脏的最内层叫内膜，由一层较薄的内皮细胞构成；与位在内壁的是同一层细胞。

Poor oral care has been also linked to serious diseases such as heart disease, COPD, pneumonia, and endocarditis, which is an infection of the inner lining of your heart chambers or valves.

口腔护理不当还与脏病、 慢性阻塞性肺病、 肺炎和内膜炎等严重疾病有关，内膜炎是腔或瓣膜内壁的感染。

The septum is formed during development as this muscular ridge of tissue grows upward from the apex, or the tip, and then fuses with a thinner membranous region coming down from the endocardial cushions.

室间隔在胚胎发育期间形成，这种肌肉嵴从尖部往上长，并与从内膜垫向下延伸的薄膜区域融合。

The muscular walls of the heart consist of three major " layers" . The bulk of the walls is made up of a layer of cardiac muscle and is called the myocardium.

肌外层是外膜，内层是内膜。

Ischemia in the areas supplied by the partially occluded vessel illustrated here in the lateral wall of the left ventricle is primarily targeted on the sub endocardial aspect of the affected region.

左室侧壁部分闭塞供应区的缺主要是针对受影响区的内膜下。