These two are different in that chronic bronchitis is defined by clinical features, like a productive cough, whereas emphysema is defined by structural changes —specifically enlargement of the air spaces.

区别于肿，管炎有明显的临床特征，例如排痰咳嗽，而肿以结构改变为主，具体来说就是腔的扩大。

Chronic bronchitis is actually lumped under the umbrella of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (or COPD), along with emphysema.

管炎肿同属于阻塞型疾病（COPD、阻）。

Treatment of chronic bronchitis largely involves reducing risk factors, like for example stopping smoking, but also managing associated illnesses.

管炎的疗包括降低风险因，例如戒烟，还有疗相关疾病症状。

Alright, so chronic bronchitis is a type of COPD that's diagnosed based on clinical symptoms, specifically coughing up a lot of mucus.

管炎是阻的一种，它的诊断基于临床表现，特别是咳大量黏痰。

Other risk factors for chronic bronchitis include exposure to air pollutants like sulfur and nitrogen dioxide, exposure to dust and silica, as well as genetic factors like having a family history of chronic bronchitis.

管炎的其他致病因素包括空污染物，例如硫和二氧化氮、暴露于灰尘和硅土，当然还有遗传因素，例如有管炎的家族史。

Another effect of unchecked inflammation in alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is chronic bronchitis, resulting from increased mucus production and narrowing of the airways.

α-1抗胰蛋白酶缺乏症导致炎症失控的另一个后果是管炎，由黏液增多以及道狭窄导致。

And finally another consequence of mucus plugging in chronic bronchitis is that people can develop lung infections behind the mucus blockages in the airway, and these infections can worsen the pulmonary and cardiac symptoms.

管炎中黏液阻塞导致的另一个后果是患者道中黏液阻塞的后方可能会产生部感染，这又会加重部心脏的症状。

Lung diseases like chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma shrink the passageways that carry oxygen, while weakening the membrane that brings oxygen into the blood.

管炎、肿和哮喘等部疾病会缩小携带氧的通道，同时削弱将氧带入血液的膜。

COPD is a catch-all term to describe the most common breathing conditions, like emphysema and chronic bronchitis, which people often have at the same time.

COPD是一个统称， 用来描述最常见的呼吸系统疾病，如肿和管炎，这些疾病常常同时发生。