They want to target prospective clients.

后缀-lity放在形容词后，可构成词。他们想要面向潜在客户。

And you can also describe abstract nouns.

你也可以描述词。

The candidate's hard work and dedication helped him win the election.

候选人通过辛勤工作和 dedication 赢得了选举。 注：此处 " dedication" 未进行替换，因为它是词，在此上下文中直接翻译为“奉献”可能不如保留原词更能体现正式或高级的表达风。如果需要替换，可以考虑翻译为“投入”。

So a concrete noun is a physical object and an abstract noun is not.

因此，具体词是物理对，而词则不是。

Well, before we go to abstract, let's first talk about the concrete ones.

在我们讨论词之前，先来聊聊具体的那些吧。

But abstract nouns don't refer to these physical things.

但词并不指代这些具体事物。

That's the kind of abstract noun phrase that adds academic weight to your answer.

这种词短语能为你的回学术分量。

A problem is an abstract noun, it's just an idea.

问题是一个词，它只是一个想法。

So, how do you make something abstract - how do you make an abstract noun concrete?

那么， 你如何使一些东西变得——你如何使一个词变得具体呢？

Abstract nouns refer to ideas, feelings, emotions, qualities and concepts.

词指的是思想、情感、情绪、品质和概念。

What abstract nouns are is they represent concepts, not real things that we can touch in the world.

词代表的是概念，而不是我们能够触摸到的真实事物。

M-e-n-t and i-o-n are usually used to make verbs into abstract nouns.

M-e-n-t和i-o-n通常用于将动词变为词。

And the abstract noun there is happiness.

这里的词是“幸福”。

An abstract noun represents an idea, experience, or quality, rather than an object that you can touch.

词表示的是一种思想、经历或品质，而非可触摸的物体。

For example, advice, happiness, intention, justice, and injustice are abstract nouns, but pen, bed, and trousers are not.

例如，advice（建议）、happiness（幸福）、intention（意图）、justice（正义）和injustice（不公正）都是词，而pen（笔）、bed（床）和trousers（裤子）则不是。

Here are some examples of abstract nouns using those suffixes.

以下是使用这些后缀的一些词示例。

The fourth rule is that we don't use an article for abstract nouns in English, so hope, love, or friendship.

第四条规则是，在英语中，词如希望、爱或友谊前不使用冠词。

Once Sumerians had hit upon this phonetic principle, they began to use it for much more than just writing abstract nouns.

一旦苏美尔人发现了这一语音原则，他们就开始将其用于不仅仅是书写词的用途。

And if we put abstract nouns at the beginning of sentences, usually we don't want an article there because we're talking in general.

如果我们把词放在句子开头，通常我们不希望在那里使用冠词，因为我们是在泛泛而谈。

The suffix " -th-" is added to an adjective to form an abstract noun, and " -dm-" can combine with either a noun or an adjective.

后缀“-th-” 加在形容词后构成词，而“-dm-” 则可以与词或形容词结合。