The protein follistatin, has an antagonist effect to myostatin, diminishing myostatin's muscle limiting effect.

卵泡抑素蛋白与抑素存在拮抗作用，它能降低抑素对制。

Additional factors include alcohol consumption, smoking, drugs like glucocorticoids, which decrease calcium absorption from the gut through antagonism of vitamin D, and drugs like heparin and L-thyroxine.

响因素包括酗酒、吸烟、糖皮质激素等药物（与维生素D拮抗作用会减少肠内钙质吸收）以及肝素或L-甲状腺素等药物。

Caffeine acts as an adenosine antagonist.

咖啡因作为腺苷拮抗剂发挥作用。