The protein follistatin, has an antagonist effect to myostatin, diminishing myostatin's muscle limiting effect.

卵泡蛋白存在拮抗作用，它能降低对肉的限制。

Caffeine acts as an adenosine antagonist.

啡作为腺苷的拮抗剂发挥作用。

Additional factors include alcohol consumption, smoking, drugs like glucocorticoids, which decrease calcium absorption from the gut through antagonism of vitamin D, and drugs like heparin and L-thyroxine.

其他影响括酗酒、吸烟、糖皮质激等药物（其维生D的拮抗作用会减少肠内钙质的吸收）以及肝或L-甲状腺等药物。