The skins of sheep and of dogs are not tanned with oak-bark, but are soaked in alum-water instead.

羊皮和狗皮鞣革使用明矾水而非橡树皮。

Here alum flour to stop the steams.

这里用明矾粉来止汗。

When Giovanni da Castro, Pope Pius II's godson, discovered alum, in Italy, in Tolfa.

当教皇庇护二世教子乔瓦尼· 达· 卡斯特罗 ( Giovanni da Castro)在大利托尔法 ( Tolfa) 发现了明矾。

Raman's adjuvant was tapioca, Glennie's was alum, an aluminium salt, the most widely used adjuvant today.

拉曼佐木薯， 格伦尼明矾，一种铝盐， 这也当今最广泛使用佐。

So to make the textiles the Ottomans craved, the Italians needed Ottoman alum, at least until 1460.

因此，为了制造奥斯曼帝国渴望纺，大利人需要奥斯曼明矾，至少在 1460 年之前这样。

More importantly he granted a monopoly on the mining rights of alum to a particular Florentine family, the Medicis.

更重要， 他将明矾采矿权垄断权授予了特定佛罗伦萨家族美第奇家族。

That is because they were dyed with a chemical called alum, which was primarily found in Anatolia, in the Ottoman Empire.

这因为它们用一种叫做明矾化学物质染色，这种化学物质主要在奥斯曼帝国安纳托利亚发现。

Phokia, on the coast of Anatolia, was rich in alum, while Chios was famous for its mastic, apparently generating over 100,000 gold coins a year in revenue.

福西亚， 位于安纳托利亚沿海地区， 富含明矾，而希俄斯岛以出产乳香闻名，年收入据说超过10万金币。

But vitally, Italian alum mines didn't bring victory over the Turks, or cause them to lose all their profits, just as mining and drilling at home never obviate the need for trade.

但至关重要， 大利明矾矿并没有给土耳其人带来胜利，也没有让他们失去所有利润， 就像在国内采矿和钻探永远不会消除贸易需要一样。

After all, though he had played at theory-making too, he was a business man, he depended upon soap and alum; " the secondary pleasures of life" , he had to admit, " are very necessary to my comfort" .

毕竟，虽然他也玩过理论制定，但他个商人，他靠肥皂和明矾；他不得不承认，“生活中次要乐趣”“对于我安慰来说非常必要”。