The method of calculating microstepping currents for variable reluctance stepping motor with equal microstep angle was described when motor torque characteristics were sinusoidal shapes.
According to the theory of scalar diffraction, first, the equipollence of spatial distribution of the plane-wave interferential field and parallel projective sine grating is discussed.
Firstly, there are two types of winding patterns for toroidal vessel: spiral winding along toroidal vessel geodesics and analogous sine placement along the external surface of toroidal vessel.