So, the active ingredient in aspirin is a compound called acetylsalicylic acid.

阿的活性成分是一种叫做乙酰水杨酸的化合物。

Elwood says many people have small amounts of salicylate in the body.

埃尔伍德表示多数人体内都有少量的水杨酸。

Soon, aspirin became synonymous with acetylsalicylic acid.

很快，阿就成了乙酰水杨酸的代名词。

The result was acetylsalicylic acid, the modern active ingredient in aspirin.

结果就是乙酰水杨酸，阿的现代活性成分。

Meadowsweet and the willow tree are containing a substance called salicylic acid, it's nature's version of aspirin.

绣线菊和柳树有一种叫做水杨酸的物质，它是天然版的阿。

In 1853, a French chemist managed to chemically synthesize the compound, creating a substance called acetylsalicylic acid.

1853 年， 一位法国化学家成功地化学合成了这种化合物，产生了一种叫做乙酰水杨酸的物质。

Chemicals like salicylic acid, for instance, might also activate genes that cause cells to make more collagen, or boost certain repair pathways.

像是水杨酸一类的化学品，可能也能刺激造细胞的基因产生更多胶原，或者是促进复活动的进行。

About 2,500 years ago, the Greek physician Hippocrates, father of all doctors, made a juice from a tree bark containing salicylic acid for the same effect.

大约2500年前，希腊医师希波克拉底，也就是医药之父，用一种有水杨酸的树的树皮做成一种汁液以起到相同的效果。

Aspirin, for example, was derived in the 19th century from salicylic acid, a long-time remedy for pains and fever found in plants like willow and meadowsweet.

比如，阿是19世纪从水杨酸提取出来的，长期以来这种药物被用来治愈疼痛和发烧，是在像柳树和绣线菊属植物这样的植物中提取出来的。

And around the end of the nineteenth century, a couple of scientists at the Bayer group came up with a protocol to modify salicylic acid and make it less toxic.

大约在 19 世纪末，拜耳集团的几个科学家想出了一个改造水杨酸的方案，使其毒性更低。

Maybe a little bit ironic, considering the medicine usually reduced inflammation, but it turns out the stomach lining doesn't really like being eroded, and that's what the salicylic acid was doing.

也许有点讽刺，考虑到这种药通常会减轻炎症，但事实证明胃内膜并不喜欢被侵蚀，这就是水杨酸的作用。

It replaced one of salicylic acid's hydroxyl group — that's an oxygen and hydrogen bonded to a carbon — with an acetyl group, which is two carbons, one double-bonded to an oxygen and the other bonded to three hydrogens.

它用乙酰基取代了水杨酸的一个羟基——氧和氢与碳结合——乙酰基是两个碳，一个与氧双键结合，另一个与三个氢结合。