The infected water fleas come from drinking water.

受感蚤来自饮用。

Avoiding the water fleas can be easy.

避开蚤可能很容易。

So there's branchiopods, ostracods, copepods, cladocerans...and besides the crustaceans, there's a lot more.

有叶足动物、介形亚纲动物、桡足类动物、蚤类动物....除了甲壳类动物外，还有很多。这是真，还有很多。

They live in water with another small organism, the water flea.

它们和另一种小型生物——蚤一起生活中。

One day the rice farmers noticed that much of this wildlife was dying, apart from the water fleas.

一天，稻农们注意到，除了蚤之外，许多野生动物正死亡。

Water fleas eat the guinea worm larvae.

蚤吃麦地那龙线虫幼虫。

The poison did not kill the tiny water fleas, but it did effectively exterminate much larger species.

这种毒药并没有杀死微小蚤，但却有效地消灭了更大物种。

In a 2017 study out of Sweden, researchers exposed a zooplankton called Daphnia magna to a bunch of plastic nanoparticles.

2017年瑞典一项研究中，研究人员将一种蚤暴料纳米颗粒中。

These ecosystems are home to minute water fleas known as Daphnia as well as crayfish and Japanese rice fish, called medaka.

这些生态系统是被称为蚤微小蚤、小龙虾和日本稻鱼家园。

Besides, who else will monitor the thermocyclops and other copepods?

并且 还有谁会来记录这些剑蚤和其他桡足类动物？

Because they have no thermocyclops to keep them happy.

剑蚤，一种淡浮游生物因为他们没有剑蚤来让他们高兴起来 剑蚤，一种淡浮游生物。

When the researchers analyzed their brains, they found the 53-nanometer particles they had fed to the Daphnia — in the fish's brains.

当研究人员分析它们大脑时，他们鱼脑中发现了他们喂给蚤53纳米颗粒。

The inner ring orbits faster than  Daphnis, meaning the ripples overtake the moon, exposing more ring material to the  moon's gravity.

内环轨道运行速度比蚤快，这意味着涟漪超过了月球，使更多环材料暴月球重力作用下。

The Daphnia consumed these particles, and scientists found that, while the larger particles didn't seem to affect them, the smallest particles — around 50 nanometers — were deadly.

蚤吃掉了这些颗粒，然后科学家发现，较大颗粒似乎不会影响它们，但大约50纳米那些小颗粒是致命。

So Daphnia was an anomaly and the unfortunate fact is, that this anomaly had been used as the reason to say, that this insecticide was safe for the environment.

蚤是一种例外，不幸是，这种例外被用来证明这种杀虫剂对环是安全。

Next, to see the effect of the nanoparticles higher up in the food chain, they exposed a group of Daphnia to the plastic nanoparticles again, and then fed them to some fish called Crucian carp.

接下来看看纳米颗粒对食物链上层生物影响，他们再次将蚤放置于料纳米颗粒里，然后把它们喂给一种鲤鱼吃。