Avoiding the water fleas can be easy.

避开水蚤可能很容易。

The infected water fleas come from drinking water.

受感染的水蚤来自饮用水。

Water fleas eat the guinea worm larvae.

水蚤吃麦地那龙线虫幼虫。

They live in water with another small organism, the water flea.

和另一种小型生物——水蚤一起生活在水中。

The poison did not kill the tiny water fleas, but it did effectively exterminate much larger species.

这种毒药并没有杀死微小的水蚤，但却有效地消了更大的物种。

These ecosystems are home to minute water fleas known as Daphnia as well as crayfish and Japanese rice fish, called medaka.

这些生态系统是被称为水蚤的微小水蚤、小龙虾和日本稻鱼的家园。

So there's branchiopods, ostracods, copepods, cladocerans...and besides the crustaceans, there's a lot more.

有叶足动物、介形亚纲动物、桡足类动物、水蚤类动物....除了甲壳类动物外，还有很多。这是真的，还有很多。

One day the rice farmers noticed that much of this wildlife was dying, apart from the water fleas.

一天，稻农注意到，除了水蚤之外，许多野生动物正在死亡。

In a 2017 study out of Sweden, researchers exposed a zooplankton called Daphnia magna to a bunch of plastic nanoparticles.

在2017年瑞典的一项研究中，研究人员将一种水蚤暴露在塑料纳米颗粒中。

Because they have no thermocyclops to keep them happy.

剑水蚤，一种淡水浮游生物因为他没有剑水蚤来让他高兴起来 剑水蚤，一种淡水浮游生物。

Besides, who else will monitor the thermocyclops and other copepods?

并且 还有谁会来记录这些剑水蚤和其他的桡足类动物？

When the researchers analyzed their brains, they found the 53-nanometer particles they had fed to the Daphnia — in the fish's brains.

当研究人员分析的大脑时，他在鱼脑中发现了他喂给水蚤的53纳米的颗粒。

The Daphnia consumed these particles, and scientists found that, while the larger particles didn't seem to affect them, the smallest particles — around 50 nanometers — were deadly.

水蚤吃掉了这些颗粒，然后家发现，较大的颗粒似乎不会影响，但大约50纳米的那些小颗粒是致命的。

So Daphnia was an anomaly and the unfortunate fact is, that this anomaly had been used as the reason to say, that this insecticide was safe for the environment.

水蚤是一种例外，不幸的是，这种例外被用来证明这种杀虫剂对环境是安全的。

Next, to see the effect of the nanoparticles higher up in the food chain, they exposed a group of Daphnia to the plastic nanoparticles again, and then fed them to some fish called Crucian carp.

接下来看看纳米颗粒对食物链上层生物的影响，他再次将水蚤放置于塑料纳米颗粒里，然后把喂给一种鲤鱼吃。