My parents are actually, they grew up speaking the Navajo language; they're fluent speakers. They're like a dictionary. If I ask them, “How do you say this? ” they translate.

我的父母就是说纳瓦霍语长大的，都非常流利。他们像活字典一样。如果我问他们：“这个用纳瓦霍语怎么说”，他们就会直接翻出来。

OK. What is another word for the keyboard sign that represents a paragraph? Is it… a) pilcrow? b) bodkin? or c) pica?

好的。哪一个键盘符号代表一个段落？a) pilcrow（段落符号）？b) bodkin（锥子）？ c) pica （十二点活字）？

And standardized movable type, that was only invented like one thousand years ago, in Asia.

标准化活字印刷术大概是一千年前在亚洲才发明的。

China is also where the first movable type printing machines were invented.

中国也是最早发明活字印刷术的地方。

It also used gunpowder and invented movable-type printing.

宋朝还最早使用火药并发明了活字印刷。

It was Korea, for example, that pioneered moveable metal type, and it did it so well before it was invented in Europe.

比如，他们最早创造了金属活字，远早于欧洲。

Around 1439, the German goldsmith, Johann Gutenberg, developed his own version of a movable type-based press system.

大约在1439年，德国金匠约翰·古腾堡(Johann Gutenberg)发明了他自己版本的活字印刷系统。

Kayla and Kyle, who is... Oh, they the dictionaries.

- 凯拉和凯尔，他们就是… … 哦，他们是活字典。

And he is a true repository for, like, all information about the history of Memphis.

他简直就是孟菲斯历史所有信息的活字典。

And standardized movable type, that was only  invented like one thousand years ago, in Asia.

标准化活字印刷术是在一千年前在亚洲发明的。

Well, have you ever seen Living Words Worship?

你看过《活字敬拜》吗？

In 1382, nearly 135 years  before Martin Luther, and 60 years before the introduction of movable type to Europe, England's  John Wycliffe oversaw the translation of the Bible from Latin.

在1382年， 几乎比马丁·路德早135年，比活字印刷术传入欧洲早60年，英格兰的约翰·威克里夫监督了将《圣经》从拉丁文翻译成英文的工作。

But an entire font of metal type usually didn't fit in one drawer, so there were two cases, one containing minuscules and one containing majuscules, little letters and big letters.

但是， 一套完整的金属活字字体通常无法完全装入一个抽屉，因此设有两种箱子：一种装有小写字母，另一种则装有大写字母。

Movable type allowed individual  characters to be arranged to form words, making the written word more accessible  to vast swathes of European populations.

活字印刷允许将单个字符排列成单词，使书面文字更容易为广大欧洲人所接受。

And, you know, it was kind of interesting because in the 1600s, 14, 1500, 1600s, it was the beginning of movable type.

你知道，这挺有意思的， 因为在16世，即14、15、16世， 正是活字印刷术的兴起时期。

Harrison is a hands-on kind of newspaper proprietor, which is why today you find him cleaning blocks of metal type.

哈里森是个亲力亲为的报社老板，这就是为什么今天你会看到他在清洗金属活字块。

The earliest movable type pieces consisted of reversed letters cast in relief on the ends of lead alloy stocks.

最早的活字印刷部件由铅合金条上的凸起反向字母组成。

And he was one of the first printers, so he had this movable type printing machine, this press.

他是最早的印刷商之一，所以他有这台活字印刷机， 这台印刷机。

The metallurgical skills, inks, and presses of 1700 B.C.Crete were more primitive than those of A.D.1455 Germany, so the disk had to be punched by hand rather than by cast movable type locked into a metal frame, inked, and pressed.

公元前 1700 年克里特岛的冶金技术、墨水和印刷机比公元 1455 年德国的冶金技术、墨水和印刷机更为原始，因此磁盘必须用手冲压，不是通过锁定在金属框架中的铸造活字印刷、上墨和压制。

An important innovation occurred in the tenth century AD, when a Chinese man, Pi Sheng, invented the first system of movable type out of clay.

公元十世发生了一项重要的创新，当时中国人皮升发明了第一个粘土活字印刷系统。