In general, when certain solutes become too concentrated in the solvent, they become supersaturated.

一般来说，当溶质在溶剂中过于缩时，会过饱和。

As more water is retained, it dilutes the other solutes floating around in our blood, like sodium.

随着水分在体内不断蓄积，血液中的其他溶质也被稀释，比如钠离。

Now, urine's a combination of water, which acts as a solvent, and all sorts of particles, or solutes.

液由水和各种颗粒组成，水是溶剂，颗粒为溶质。

Or, in official terms, from the side with a lower concentration of solutes to one with a higher concentration.

或者，用更正式一点的话说，从溶质度较低的一侧到度较高的一侧。

That snack touching the outside of your exposed dentin has highly concentrated solutes in the form of sugar molecules.

那些接触到你暴露的牙本质外部的零食含有高度集中的糖分形式的溶质。

But when measured by weight, the bulk of the solutes in your blood are really the plasma proteins.

是如果以重量来衡量，你血液中的大部分溶质实际上是血浆蛋白质。

Urinary supersaturation of certain solutes results in precipitation out of the solution and formation of crystals.

液中某些溶质过饱和后会从溶液中析出，形成结晶。

In other words it maintains the solute concentration in the blood.

换句话说，它维持着血液中的溶质度。

And we don't know the mass of the solute that's dissolved in this solution.

而且我们不知道溶解在这种溶液中的溶质的质量。

To separate solutes we could use chromatography, both paper and column.

为了分离溶质，我们可以使用纸色谱法和柱色谱法。

No solutes were found, meaning his urine was maximally dilute [specific gravity].

他的液里几乎没有溶质，这意味着他的液被极大的稀释了。

As a rule, molarity equals the number of moles of solute divided by liters of solution.

一般来说，摩尔度等于溶质的摩尔数除以溶液的升数。

So a one molar solution, contains one mole of solute per one liter of solution.

所以一摩尔度的溶液，含有每升溶液一摩尔的溶质。

We also get rid of water or solutes if we need to.

我们也会在需要时排出水分或溶质。

Well, the first thing to keep in mind is that not every solvent can dissolve every solute.

好吧，首先要记住的是， 并非每种溶剂都能溶解每种溶质。

It’s not just the pressure outside of the solvent, it’s the partial pressure of the solute.

这不仅仅是溶剂外部的压力， 而是溶质的分压。

And then finally, could we design something like a distillation process where we could separate solutes?

最后, 我们能否设计出一种类似于蒸馏过程的东西, 从而分离出溶质?

Solutes are going to be dissolved within the solvent.

溶质将溶解在溶剂中。

And generally we're going to have more of the solvent then the solute.

一般来说，溶剂比溶质多。

Oncotic pressure results from the the inability of solutes like large proteins - albumin for example - to move across through the capillary.

胶体渗透压是由不能穿过毛细血管的溶质产生，像是大分量蛋白质，比如白蛋白。