Other solutes, like salts or even sugar substitutes, are often better dissolved than sugar, and are in lower concentrations in food and drink, so they don't cause as much fluid to rush through the dentin.

其他溶，如盐甚至糖的替代品，通常比糖的溶解性更好，而且在食物和饮料中的浓度较低，所以它们不会导致那么多液冲过牙本。

Another example is Fanconi syndrome, which is where the proximal convoluted tubule essentially loses its capacity to reabsorb a variety of solutes - including phosphate - once again letting it get excreted in the urine.

一个例子是范可尼综合征，即近曲小管基本上失去了重新吸收各种溶（包括磷酸盐）的能力，导致磷酸盐通过尿液排出。

Plasma is actually 90 percent water, but the other 10 percent is chock full of 100 different solutes, including proteins, electrolytes, gases, hormones, and waste products.

血浆中 90% 是水， 10% 充满了 100 种不同的溶，包括蛋白、电解、气、激素和废物。

Oncotic pressure results from the the inability of solutes like large proteins - albumin for example - to move across through the capillary.

胶压是由不能穿过毛细血管的溶产生，像是大分子量蛋白，比如白蛋白。

As more water is retained, it dilutes the other solutes floating around in our blood, like sodium.

随着水分在内不断蓄积，血液中的其他溶也被稀释，比如钠离子。

To help understand this, remember that glucose is a polar molecule that cannot passively diffuse across cell membranes, which means that it acts as a solute.

想要了解这个原理，要记得葡萄糖是极性分子，不能被动穿过细胞膜，这意味着它是作为一种溶。

Those crystals then act as a nidus, or place where more solutes can deposit and over time it builds up a crystalline structure.

然后这些晶作为一个“巢”，越来越多的溶将会在此累积，随着时间的推移，逐渐构建成一个晶结构。

The most of abundant of these solutes are electrolytes — which you may have heard of as the secret ingredient in sports drinks.

这些溶中最多的是电解——你可能听说过它是运动饮料的秘密成分。

Or, in official terms, from the side with a lower concentration of solutes to one with a higher concentration.

或者，用更正式一点的话说，从溶浓度较低的一侧到浓度较高的一侧。

In general, when certain solutes become too concentrated in the solvent, they become supersaturated.

一般来说，当溶在溶剂中过于浓缩时，会过饱和。

That snack touching the outside of your exposed dentin has highly concentrated solutes in the form of sugar molecules.

那些接触到你暴露的牙本部的零食含有高度集中的糖分子形式的溶。

But when measured by weight, the bulk of the solutes in your blood are really the plasma proteins.

是如果以重量来衡量，你血液中的大部分溶实际上是血浆蛋白。

Now, urine's a combination of water, which acts as a solvent, and all sorts of particles, or solutes.

尿液由水和各种颗粒组成，水是溶剂，颗粒为溶。

Alright, as a quick recap, nephrolithiasis is the formation of kidney stones, which form when solutes precipitate out into crystals in the urine.

得！快速回顾一下：nephrolithiasis是指有肾结石形成；肾结石在溶于尿液中沉淀成晶时形成。

Urinary supersaturation of certain solutes results in precipitation out of the solution and formation of crystals.

尿液中某些溶过饱和后会从溶液中析出，形成结晶。

Kidney stones form when solutes in the urine precipitate out and crystalize, and although these most commonly form in the kidneys themselves, they can also form in the ureters, the bladder, or the urethra.

当尿液中的溶析出、结晶时会形成肾结石，它们大多在肾脏中形成，在输尿管、膀胱、尿道中也可形成。

In our case, a mole of hydrogen peroxide weighs 34.014 grams. The number of moles of solute that are in a solution is known as it's molar concentration, that's also known as a solution's molarity.

在我们的例子中，一摩尔过氧化氢的量是34.014克。 溶液中溶的摩尔数被称为摩尔浓度， 也就是溶液的摩尔浓度。

So the function of these endothelial cells is to regulate vascular tone and to regulate solute exchange and extravasation or transport of molecules across that endothelial layer.

因此，这些内皮细胞的功能是调节血管张力以及调节溶交换和，或者说是分子穿过该内皮层的运输。

So before we can dilute this formula, first we have to figure out how many moles of solute, of hydrogen peroxide, we're working with here.

所以在我们稀释这个公式之前，首先我们必须弄清楚我们在这里使用的溶， 过氧化氢的摩尔数。

Remember we measure the concentration of a solution using molarity, which is going to be the moles of solute in liters of total solution.

记住，我们用摩尔浓度来测量溶液的浓度，也就是总溶液中溶的摩尔数（以升为单位）。