So there's five main buffers in the blood and in the kidney filtrate that the body can use to buffer hydrogen ions.

所以血和肾脏滤中有五个主要的缓冲剂，身体可以用来缓冲氢离子。

So in the final steps, after the filtrate leaves the DCT, it enters the collecting duct, which runs back into the medulla.

所以在最后一步，滤离开 DCT 后，进入收集管，收集管又回。

Ultimately the filtrate is turned into urine and is excreted from the kidney through the ureter, into the bladder, and peed away.

最终滤变成尿，过输尿管从肾脏排出，进入膀胱，再尿出。

As the filtrate leaves the Bowman's capsule it flows into the renal tubule, which is surrounded by the peritubular capillaries.

滤离开肾小囊后流入肾小管，后者被管周毛细血管网包围。

Sometimes fluid or electrolytes can move back from the filtrate into the blood - called reabsorption, and sometimes more fluid or electrolytes can move from the blood to the fitrate - called secretion.

有时体或电解能从滤回血中，被称重吸收；有时更多体或电解从血流入滤，称之分泌。

This is possible because of special protein channels in their membranes called aquaporins that are on both the apical, or filtrate-facing side, and the basal, or capillary-facing side of the cells.

这是可能的，因它们的膜中称道蛋白的特殊蛋白道位于细胞的顶端或面向滤的一侧，以及基底或面向毛细血管的一侧。

Blood gets into the kidney through the renal artery, into tiny clumps of arterioles called glomeruli where it's initially filtered, with the filtrate, the stuff filtered out, moving into the renal tubule.

血过肾动脉流入肾脏，一旦入肾，便进入一小团小动脉，即肾小球，开始过滤；滤过滤出来，进入肾小管。

But here's a problem: Your kidneys can only handle so much filtrate at a time, so they have to maintain a constant rate of flow inside of them.

你的肾脏一次只能处理这么多滤，所以它们必须保持体内恒定的流速。

These cells also are covered in microvilli that increase their surface area and help re-absorb much of the good stuff from the filtrate and back into the blood.

这些细胞也被微绒毛覆盖，增加了它们的表面积，有助于从滤中重新吸收大部分有益物并回血中。

But in the parts of the nephron that reabsorb water, like the descending limb of the loop of Henle, water has to move easily through cells, from the filtrate to the blood.

但是在肾单位重新吸收的部分，比如亨利袢的下降部分，必须很容易地过细胞，从滤血。

They use it to ramp up the concentration gradient earlier in the process, making the medulla even saltier for the filtrate that's back there going through the ascending limb.

在这个过程的早期，他们用它来提高浓度梯度，使对穿过上升肢体的滤更咸。

The remaining filtrate passes from the PCT into the loop of Henle, which starts in the cortex, then dips into the medulla before coming back into the cortex.

剩余的滤从 PCT 进入 亨利氏袢，从皮层开始，然后浸入，然后返回皮层。

Now that filtrate will eventually move into the ureter.

现在滤最终会进入输尿管。

Plus, if all that garbage isn't buried right, rainwater can mix with the garbage causing a gooey substance called leachate to form.

此外， 如果垃圾没有正确填埋，雨会与垃圾混合， 形成一种称渗滤的黏糊状物。

As we move out of the loop of Henle, into the distal convoluted tubule, and on to the collecting duct, the remaining filtrate is now officially urine.

当我们离开亨利氏袢，进入远端卷曲的小管，达收集管时，剩余的滤现在正式成尿。

Since most of this water is picked up by the blood pretty quickly, the saltiness of the interstitial space doesn't get diluted. So it can keep drawing water out of the next batch of filtrate in the descending limb.

由于大部分很快被血吸收，间空间的咸味不会被稀释。所以它可以继续从下降肢体的下一批滤中抽。

Unless we find ways to stop it, leachate can sink into the drinking water we get from the ground.

除非我们找方法阻止，否则渗滤可能会渗透我们从地下获取的饮用中。

This reabsorption process allows water to pass from the glomerular filtrate back into the circulatory system.

这种再吸收过程使从肾小球滤进入循环系统。

The glomerular filtrate is not the same consistency as urine, as much of it is reabsorbed into the blood as the filtrate passes through the tubules of the nephron.

肾小球滤与尿的浓度不同，当滤过肾小管时，大部分被重新吸收血中。

So it moves into the filtrate.

所以它进入滤。